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Absolute monarchy
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=== Outside Europe === In the [[Ottoman Empire]], the [[Sultan]] wielded absolute power over the state and was considered a [[Padishah]] meaning "Great King" by his people. Many sultans wielded absolute power through heavenly mandates reflected in their titles, such as "Shadow of God on Earth". In [[ancient Mesopotamia]], many rulers of [[Assyria]], [[Babylonia]] and [[Sumer]] were absolute monarchs as well. Throughout [[Imperial China]], many [[Emperor of China|emperors]] and one empress ([[Wu Zetian]]) wielded absolute power through the [[Mandate of Heaven]]. In [[pre-Columbian America]], the [[Inca Empire]] was ruled by a [[Sapa Inca]], who was considered the son of [[Inti]], the sun god and absolute ruler over the people and nation. Korea under the [[Joseon dynasty]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Sang-hun |last=Choi |date=27 October 2017 |title=Interior Space and Furniture of Joseon Upper-class Houses |publisher=Ewha Womans University Press |page=16 |quote=Joseon was an absolute monarchy |isbn=9788973007202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWNNWVwaUpMC&q=joseon+dynasty+absolute+monarchy&pg=PA16 |via=Google Books |access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407111606/https://books.google.com/books?id=vWNNWVwaUpMC&q=joseon+dynasty+absolute+monarchy&pg=PA16 |url-status=live }}</ref> and short-lived [[Korean Empire|empire]] was also an absolute monarchy.
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