Editing Adele Goldberg (computer scientist) (section)

==Career==

===1973===
Goldberg began working at [[PARC (company)|PARC]] in 1973 as a laboratory and research assistant, and eventually became manager of the System Concepts Laboratory where she, [[Alan Kay]], and other researchers developed the programming language [[Smalltalk]]-80.<ref name=Oakes>{{cite book |last=Oakes |first=Elizabeth H. |year=2002 |title=International encyclopedia of women scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00oake/page/136 |location=New York, New York |publisher=Facts on File |pages=136–137 |isbn=978-0816043811 |url-access=registration}}</ref> At the time, it was not common for female computer scientists, nonetheless, [[Alan Kay]], the leader of the design and development of first modern computer interface, hired a pregnant Adele Goldberg. This language developed the object-oriented approach of [[Simula 67]] and introduced a programming environment of overlapping windows on graphic display screens. This new “personal computer,” with its key features including portability, network connection, communication with others, build models, and content sharing capabilities was the objective of Smalltalk at the time. 

Smalltalk's innovative format was simple to use and customizable. Objects could be transferred among applications with minimal effort.<ref name=Oakes/><ref name="bio">{{cite book |url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/adele-goldberg-wcs/ |title=Adele Goldberg Biography |publisher=BookRags}}</ref> Goldberg and Kay were involved in the development of ''design templates'', forerunners of the [[design pattern]]s later used in software design.<ref>Chamond Liu, ''Smalltalk, Objects, and Design'' (San Jose, New York, and Shanghai: toExcel, 2000), 240</ref> Adele says that Smalltalk took inspiration from another language, which was created in the Sixties, [[Simula]]. Smalltalk 72, one of the iterations, was the first to feature low-level animations, and music. Adele and her team paired up with [[Douglas Engelbart|Doug Engelbart]], the original inventor of the mouse, to see the possibilities of its incorporation to Smalltalk with the goal of better access, avoiding command lines with funny syntax. Smalltalk 72 was Adele's first opportunity to “teach” and explain this model to anyone.<ref name="auto1">Dr. Adele Goldberg. (2017, August 20). IT History Society. https://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/dr-adele-goldberg</ref> 

===1976===
Along with Kay, she wrote the influential article "Personal Dynamic Media", which predicted a world in which ordinary individuals would use notebook computers to exchange, modify, and redistribute personal media.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Alan C. |author-link=Alan Kay |last2=Goldberg |first2=Adele |title=Personal Dynamic Media |journal=Computer |date=March 1977 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1109/c-m.1977.217672 |s2cid=15070347}}</ref> This paper outlined the vision for the [[Dynabook]]. She emphasized the vision of a small device, being able to be carried anywhere, that could give out information in quantities approaching that of human sensory systems, where the output had to be higher quality than newspapers. <ref>Kay, A., Goldberg, A., & Learning Research Group at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. (1977). Personal Dynamic media. In Computer (Vol. 10, Issue 3, pp. 31–41). https://augmentingcognition.com/assets/Kay1977.pdf</ref> This paper outlined the vision for [[Dynabook]].

===1981===
Adele was very passionate about Smalltalk, spending lots of time promoting her creation. In 1981, BYTE magazine featured Smalltalk, where she personally helped write and edit an article, with the goal of introducing and normalizing object-oriented programming as a necessity in today's developing and technologically dependent society.<ref name="auto">Women who changed tech - Dr. Adele Goldberg. (n.d.-b). Extreme Networks. https://www.extremenetworks.com/resources/blogs/women-who-changed-tech-dr-adele-goldberg</ref>

===1984===
Many of the concepts developed by Goldberg and her team at PARC became the basis for [[graphical user interface]]s. According to Goldberg, [[Steve Jobs]] demanded a demonstration of the [[Smalltalk]] System, which she at first refused to give him, although her superiors eventually compelled her to comply.<ref name="totn">{{Cite web |last=Cringely |first=Robert X. |date=June 1996 |title=Triumph of the Nerds: The Television Program Transcripts: Part III |url=https://www.pbs.org/nerds/part3.html |website=PBS.org}}</ref> Apple eventually took many of the ideas used in the [[Xerox Alto]] and their implementations and used them as the basis for their Apple [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] [[desktop environment]]. Afterwards,  [[Steve Jobs]] was shown an early version of Goldberg's Smalltalk (Model 76 at the time), where he immediately incorporated it into Apple's new Computer, the [[Macintosh 128K|Macintosh]]. It led to a commercial which aired in 1984, during the Super Bowl XVIII. The commercial emphasized on Smalltalk's key features, including the importance of [[Graphical user interface|GUI]], as it facilitated the interaction through simplicity.<ref name="auto"/>

===1986===
Between 1984 through 1986, Adele was President of the Association for Computing Machinery. Her previous roles included National Secretary and Editor-in-Chief of ACM's Computing Surveys, being awarded the 1987 ACM Software Systems Award along with her colleagues Ingalls and Kay for the development of Smalltalk.<ref name=":0">Computer History Museum. (2022b, September 8). Adele Goldberg - CHM. CHM. https://computerhistory.org/profile/adele-goldberg/</ref>

===1988===
In 1988, Goldberg left PARC to cofound ParcPlace Systems, a company that created development tools for Smalltalk-based applications. Most of her work at PARC is the foundation for today's graphically based user interfaces, which replace earlier command line base systems.<ref name="auto1"/> There, she served as chairwoman and CEO until its 1995 merger with Digitalk. She also cofounded Neometron, Inc. an Internet support provider in 1999. She works at Bullitics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Team - Bios |url=http://www.bullitics.com/content/team.html |date=April 26, 2012 |access-date=September 8, 2015 |website=Bullitics - Beta |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426065335/http://www.bullitics.com/content/team.html |archive-date=April 26, 2012}}</ref> She continues to pursue her interest in education, formulating computer science courses at community colleges in the United States and abroad. She is a board member and adviser at Cognito Learning Media, a provider of multimedia software for science education.<ref name=Oakes/>