Editing Adolphus Busch (section)

==Career==
Busch's first job in St. Louis was working as a clerk in the commission house. He was also an employee at William Hainrichshofen's wholesale company.

During the [[American Civil War]] Busch served as a [[corporal]] in the [[Union Army]] from May to August, 1861, enlisting in the [[3rd Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment (3 months, 1861)|3rd Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment]], and fighting in Missouri, including at the [[Camp Jackson Affair]]. During this period, he learned that his father had died and he had inherited a portion of the estate.

Busch partnered with Ernst Battenberg in St. Louis to found the first of his businesses, a brewing supply company that sold to the three dozen breweries in the city. Eberhard Anheuser was one of Adolphus' customers. Anheuser was a soap manufacturer that lent money to the Bavarian Brewery. When the small brewery went bankrupt, Anheuser bought out the other creditors and renamed the company Anheuser. Adolphus married Eberhard's daughter Lilly in 1861.<ref name=":0" />

Returning to St. Louis after the Civil War, Busch entered his wife's family's brewery business. He bought out Eberhard's partner, William D'Oench. In 1879, the company was renamed Anheuser-Busch.<ref name=":0" />

At the death of Eberhard Anheuser in 1880, Busch became president of the business, and became wealthy due to the success of the brewery. He envisioned a national beer with universal appeal. His work was distinguished by his "timely adoption of important scientific and technological innovations, an expansive sales strategy geared largely toward external domestic and international population centers, and a pioneering integrated marketing plan that focused on a single core brand, Budweiser, making it the most successful nationally-distributed beer of the pre-Prohibition era."<ref name="holian" />
[[File:Adolphus01.jpg|thumb|right|The Adolphus Hotel in Dallas, Texas]]
To build Budweiser as a national beer, Busch created a network of rail-side ice-houses and launched the industry's first fleet of refrigerated freight cars.<ref name="nytobit"/> However, throughout his life, he jokingly referred to his beer as "dot schlop" and preferred wine to drink.<ref>{{cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |title=The rise and fall of an American beer |url=http://www.salon.com/life/food/eat_drink/2008/07/17/budweiser |work=Salon.com |date=July 17, 2008|access-date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> Later [[budweiser]] from Budějovice has been named "the beer of kings" since the 16th century. Adolphus Busch adapted the slogan to "the Kings Of Beers." The trademarks of these slogans owned by Anheuser Busch in the United States.

When Busch implemented pasteurization (1878) as a way to keep the beer fresh for longer, his company was able to profit from shipping beer across the country.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Geography of Beer: Regions, Environment, and Societies | author1=Patterson, Mark W.|author2=Pullen, Nancy Hoalst | publisher=Springer | year=2014 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zY7FBAAAQBAJ| page=49| isbn=9789400777873}}</ref> Busch soon acquired breweries in Texas which allowed his operation to distribute to Mexico and California.<ref>{{cite book | title=The City in Texas: A History | author=McComb, David G. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vxtBgAAQBAJ | publisher=University of Texas Press | year=2015| page=70| isbn=9780292767485 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuzNzm-x0l8C | author1=Blocker, Jack S.|author2=Fahey, David M.|author3=Tyrrell, Ian R. | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2003 | page=125|isbn = 9781576078334}}</ref> Busch was an early adopter of bottled beer and founded the Busch Glass Company to make bottles for his product.<ref name="nytobit"/> In 1901 sales surpassed the one million barrels of beer benchmark.

In addition to pasteurization and refrigeration, Busch was an early adopter of vertical integration, or buying all components of a business.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} He bought bottling factories, ice-manufacturing plants, stave makers, timberland, coal mines, and a refrigeration company. He also bought railways and bought the rights from [[Rudolf Diesel]] to assemble diesel engines in America,<ref name=":0" /> establishing the [[Busch-Sulzer|Diesel Motor Company]] (later ''American Diesel Engine Company'' and ''Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company''). The Busch family also acquired hop farms in the area near [[Cooperstown, New York]].<ref>[http://countryfolks.com/its-back-to-the-future-for-hager-hops-farm-family/ Country Folks Magazine: It is back to the future for Hager Hops farm family, Louis Busch Hager]</ref>

His focus on the business extended to the flavor of the beer itself. Carl Conrad held the trademark for the name [[Budweiser]] and had Anheuser-Busch manufacture it for him. Conrad was an importer of wines and champagnes. Busch studied the pilsner process in Europe, which was used for brewing Budweiser. Adolphus bought the rights to Budweiser from Conrad in October 1882 when Conrad went bankrupt.<ref name=":0" />

In 1895, Busch joined [[Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University in St. Louis's]] Board of Directors. He would continue to serve on the Board until his death in 1913, at which point his son, [[August Anheuser Busch Sr.|August Busch, Sr.]] took over his seat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.studlife.com/scene/2019/02/06/bears-and-beer-a-history-of-wus-connection-to-anheuser-busch/|title=Bears and beer: A history of WU's connection to Anheuser-Busch|website=Student Life|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=August 4, 2019}}</ref> Busch also served as the president of the South Side Bank and the [[Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis)|Manufacturers Railway]].<ref name="nytobit"/><ref name="buschtotunnel">{{cite news|title=Busch to Tunnel Under the River. Manufacturers' Railway Plans $3,000,000 Route Through the Mississippi for New Terminal System. New Gulf Road for City. Kansas City Southern to Enter St. Louis--Bush Making War on Iron Mountain--St. Paul's Activity |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/14710236/?terms=%22William%2BD.%2BOrthwein%22 |newspaper=Alton Evening Telegraph |location= [[Alton, Illinois]] |date=January 20, 1906 |page=3 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]|access-date = October 8, 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref> He had helped organize the latter as a short-line rail serving local industry. Likewise, he was a director of the Louisiana Purchase Company.<ref name="nytobit"/> Like other business leaders, he served as a director of the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition|1904 World's Fair]] in [[St. Louis]], contributing to civic efforts.<ref name="holian"/> In 1909, Busch was the leading investor when a consortium of St. Louis capitalists purchased [[Laclede Gas]] from [[North American]], a public utilities conglomerate, which also owned [[Union Electric]] and United Railways, the consolidated streetcar company in St. Louis, which operated as St. Louis Traction Company.<ref>St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 11, 1909</ref>

Busch invested in new buildings and businesses in [[Dallas, Texas]], which was growing rapidly in the early 20th century as an industrial city. In 1912, Busch constructed the [[Adolphus Hotel]] there as the tallest building in the state. Another was the Busch Building, which has been adapted as the [[Kirby Building|Kirby Residences]], and is located at 1509 Main St. It is a [[National Historic Landmark]].