Editing Albinism in humans (section)

===Visual problems===
[[Image:Mali Salif Keita2 400.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Mali]]an [[Mandinka people|Mandinka]] singer [[Salif Keita]] with albinism]]
Development of the optical system is highly dependent on the presence of melanin. For this reason, the reduction or absence of this pigment in people with albinism may lead to:
* Misrouting of the retinogeniculate projections, resulting in abnormal [[decussation]] (crossing) of optic nerve fibres<ref name="Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis" />
* [[Photophobia]] and decreased [[visual acuity]] due to light scattering within the eye ([[ocular straylight]])<ref name="Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kruijt |first=Bastiaan |last2=Franssen |first2=Luuk |last3=Prick |first3=Liesbeth J. J. M. |last4=Van Vliet |first4=Johannes M. J. |last5=Van Den Berg |first5=Thomas J. T. P. |date=2011 |title=Ocular Straylight in Albinism |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=E585–592 |doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e318212071e |pmid=21358444 |s2cid=24992321}}</ref>
* Reduced visual acuity due to [[Macular hypoplasia|foveal hypoplasia]] and possibly light-induced [[retina]]l damage.<ref name="Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis" />

Eye conditions common in albinism include:
* [[Nystagmus]], irregular rapid movement of the eyes back and forth, or in circular motion.<ref name="Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis" />
* [[Amblyopia]], decrease in acuity of one or both eyes due to poor transmission to the brain, often due to other conditions such as [[strabismus]].<ref name="Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis" />
* [[Optic nerve hypoplasia]], underdevelopment of the optic nerve.

The improper development of the [[retinal pigment epithelium]] (RPE), which in normal eyes absorbs most of the reflected sunlight, further increases glare due to light scattering within the eye.<ref name="Optometry Albinism">{{Cite web |last=Sowka |first=Joseph W. |last2=Gurwood |first2=Andrew S. |last3=Kabat |first3=Allan G. |date=15 April 2009 |title=Albinism |url=https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/CMSDocuments/2009/9/ro0409_handbook.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824100916/https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/CMSDocuments/2009/9/ro0409_handbook.pdf |archive-date=24 August 2015 |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=The Handbook of Ocular Disease Management: Supplement to Review of Optometry |publisher=Jobson Medical Information |pages=63A–65A |via=ReviewOfOptometry.com |edition=11th |location=New York}}<!--Note: Albinism has been removed, for some reason, from at least the 12th (2010) through 18th (2016) editions.--></ref> The resulting sensitivity (photophobia) generally leads to discomfort in bright light, but this can be reduced by the use of sunglasses or brimmed hats.<ref name="Facts Albinism" />