Editing Alternation of generations (section)

== History ==

=== In animals ===

Initially, [[Adelbert von Chamisso]] (studying [[salp]]s, colonial marine animals between 1815 and 1818<ref>{{cite web |title=Object of the month: The poet and the dolphin skull |url=https://www.kulturtechnik.hu-berlin.de/en/object-of-the-month-the-poet-and-the-dolphin-skull/ |publisher=Hermann von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Kulturtechnik |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=1 July 2023}}</ref>) and [[Japetus Steenstrup]] (studying the development of [[trematode]]s in 1842, and also [[tunicate]]s and [[cnidarian]]s) described the succession of differently organized generations (sexual and asexual) in animals as "alternation of generations".<ref name="Haig-2008"/> Later, the phenomenon in animals became known as [[heterogamy]], while the term "alternation of generations" was restricted to the life cycles of plants, meaning specifically the alternation of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes.<ref name="Haig-2008">{{Citation |last1=Haig |first1=David |date=2008 |title=Homologous versus antithetic alternation of generations and the origin of sporophytes |journal=The Botanical Review |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=395–418 |doi=10.1007/s12229-008-9012-x |s2cid=207403936 |url=http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11148775/Haig_HomologousVersus.pdf?sequence=3 |access-date=2014-08-17 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090641/http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11148775/Haig_HomologousVersus.pdf?sequence=3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== In plants ===

In 1851, [[Wilhelm Hofmeister]] demonstrated the morphological alternation of generations in plants,<ref name="Svedelius-1927"/> between a spore-bearing generation (sporophyte) and a gamete-bearing generation (gametophyte).<ref>{{citation |last=Hofmeister |first=W. |date=1851 |url=https://archive.org/details/vergleichendeun00hofmgoog |title=Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Keimung, Entfaltung und Fruchtbildildiung höherer Kryptogamen (Moose, Farne, Equisetaceen, Rhizocarpeen und Lycopodiaceen) und der Samenbildung der Coniferen |location=Leipzig |publisher=F. Hofmeister |access-date=2014-08-17 |language=de }}. Translated as {{citation |first=Frederick |last=Currey |date=1862 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37864#/summary |title=On the germination, development, and fructification of the higher Cryptogamia, and on the fructification of the Coniferæ |publisher=Robert Hardwicke |location=London |access-date=2014-08-17 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819111436/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37864#/summary |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Feldmann |first1=J. |author-link1=Jean Feldmann |last2=Feldmann |first2=G. |year=1942 |title=Recherches sur les Bonnemaisoniacées et leur alternance de generations |language=fr |trans-title=Studies on the Bonnemaisoniaceae and their alternation of generations |journal=Ann. Sci. Natl. Bot. |series=Series 11 |volume=3 |pages=75–175 |url=http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/Imagenes/P0044_S11_03/P0044_S11_03_0162.pdf |access-date=2013-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125740/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/Imagenes/P0044_S11_03/P0044_S11_03_0162.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 |url-status=dead }}, p. 157</ref> By that time, a debate emerged focusing on the origin of the asexual generation of land plants (i.e., the sporophyte) and is conventionally characterized as a conflict between theories of antithetic ([[Ladislav Josef Čelakovský]], 1874) and homologous ([[Nathanael Pringsheim]], 1876) alternation of generations.<ref name="Haig-2008"/>

In 1874, [[Eduard Strasburger]] discovered the alternation between diploid and haploid nuclear phases,<ref name="Haig-2008"/> also called cytological alternation of nuclear phases.<ref name="Feldmann-1972">{{Citation |last=Feldmann |first=J. |author-link=Jean Feldmann |date=1972 |title=Les problèmes actuels de l'alternance de génerations chez les Algues |journal=Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France |volume=119 |pages=7–38 |doi=10.1080/00378941.1972.10839073 |language=fr |doi-access=free }}</ref> Although most often coinciding, morphological alternation and nuclear phases alternation are sometimes independent of one another, e.g., in many [[red algae]], the same nuclear phase may correspond to two diverse morphological generations.<ref name="Feldmann-1972"/> In some [[fern]]s which lost sexual reproduction, there is no change in nuclear phase, but the alternation of generations is maintained.<ref>{{cite book |author=Schopfer, P. |author2=Mohr, H. |title=Plant physiology |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |year=1995 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/plantphysiology0000mohr/page/288 288–291] |isbn=978-3-540-58016-4 |chapter=Physiology of Development |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTxfMQg38B4C&q=mohr%20physiology&pg=PA288 |url=https://archive.org/details/plantphysiology0000mohr/page/288 }}</ref>