Editing Anheuser-Busch (section)

===Beginnings and national expansion===
In 1852, [[German American]] brewer and saloon operator George Schneider opened the Bavarian Brewery on Carondelet Avenue (later known as South Broadway) between Dorcas and Lynch streets in South St. Louis.<ref name="herbst 32">Herbst, 32.</ref><ref name="Hampson20">{{cite book |last=Hampson |first=Tim |date=2008 |title=The Beer Book |location=London |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |page=20 |isbn=978-1405333016}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2023|reason=[https://www.stlmag.com/history/architecture/the-man-who-started-anheuser-busch-part-i/ Conflicting information]}} Schneider's Brewery expanded in 1856 to a new brewhouse near Eighth and Crittenden streets; however, the following year, financial problems forced the sale of the brewery to various owners during the late 1850s.<ref name="herbst 32"/> In 1860, the brewery was purchased on the brink of bankruptcy by William D'Oench, a local pharmacist, and [[Eberhard Anheuser]], a prosperous German-born soap manufacturer.<ref name="herbst 32"/><ref name=Jackson>[[Michael Jackson (writer)|Jackson, Michael]] (1977). ''The World Guide to Beer'', pp. 210–211. New York: Ballantine. {{ISBN|0-89471-292-6}}</ref><ref name="Hampson20"/> D'Oench was the [[Partnership|silent partner]] in the business until 1869 when he sold his half-interest in the company.<ref name="herbst 32"/> From 1860 to 1875, the brewery was known as E. Anheuser & Co., and from 1875 to 1879 as the E. Anheuser Company's Brewing Association.<ref name="herbst 32"/>

[[Adolphus Busch]], a wholesaler who had immigrated to St. Louis from Germany in 1857, married Eberhard Anheuser's daughter, Lilly, in 1861. Following his service in the [[American Civil War]], Busch began working as a salesman for the Anheuser Brewery.<ref name="herbst 33">Herbst, 33.</ref><ref name="Hampson20"/> Busch purchased D'Oench's share of the company in 1869, and he assumed the role of company secretary from that time until the death of his father-in-law.<ref name="herbst 33"/>

[[File:Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine ACF builders photo pre-1911.jpg|thumb|left|Anheuser-Busch was one of the first companies to transport beer nationwide using railroad [[refrigerator car]]s.]]
Adolphus Busch was the first American brewer to use [[pasteurization]] to keep beer fresh; the first to use mechanical [[refrigeration]] and [[refrigerator car|refrigerated railroad cars]], which he introduced in 1876; and the first to bottle beer extensively.<ref name="anheuser-busch.com"/><ref>Sanford Wexler, "From Soap Suds to Beer Suds: How Anheuser-Busch became the Largest Brewer in the World", ''Financial History'', Dec 2002, Issue 77, pp. 30–34</ref><ref name="herbst 34">Herbst, 34.</ref> By 1877, the company owned a fleet of 40 refrigerated railroad cars to transport beer.<ref name="herbst 34"/> Expanding the company's distribution range led to increased demand for Anheuser products, and the company substantially expanded its facilities in St. Louis during the 1870s.<ref name="herbst 36">Herbst, 36.</ref> The expansions led production to increase from 31,500 barrels in 1875 to more than 200,000 in 1881.<ref name="herbst 36"/>

To streamline the company's refrigerator car operations and achieve vertical integration, Busch established the St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company in 1878, which was charged with building, selling, and leasing refrigerator cars; by 1883, the company owned 200 cars, and by 1888 it owned 850.<ref name="herbst 37"/> To serve these cars and switch them in and out of their St. Louis brewery, Anheuser-Busch founded the [[Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis)|Manufacturers Railway Company]] in 1887. The shortline operated until 2011, when Anheuser-Busch sought to shut down operations.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20News/News%20Wire/2011/03/Manufacturers%20Railway%20applies%20to%20shut%20down.aspx |title=Manufacturers Railway applies to shut down |access-date=April 9, 2011 |date=March 25, 2011 |magazine=Trains Magazine}}</ref>

During the 1870s, Adolphus Busch toured Europe and studied the changes in brewing methods which were taking place at the time, particularly the success of [[pilsner]] beer, which included a popular Budweiser beer brewed in [[České Budějovice|Budweis]].<ref name=Jackson/> In 1876, Busch took the already well-known name [[Budweiser]] and used it for his new beer, even though his product had no connections to the city of Budweis.<ref name=Jackson/> His company's ability to transport bottled beer made US Budweiser the first national beer brand in the United States, and it was marketed as a "premium" beer.<ref name=Jackson/>

The company was renamed Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association in 1879; in 1880, Adolphus Busch became company president upon Anheuser's death.<ref name="herbst 37">Herbst, 37.</ref><ref name=Rhodes>Rhodes, Christine P. (1995). ''The Encyclopedia of Beer'', pp. 49–53. New York: Henry Holt & Co. {{ISBN|0-8050-3799-3}}.</ref> The Busch family fully controlled the company through the generations until Anheuser-Busch's sale to InBev in 2008.<ref>Salter, Jim. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna40806859 "Busch family touched by scandal, tragedy"], NBC News via Associated Press. December 25, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2011.</ref>

During the 1880s and 1890s, Busch introduced a series of advertisements and marketing giveaways for the company, including bottle openers, calendars, [[Mounted corkscrew|corkscrews]], pocketknives, postcards, and prints.<ref name="herbst38">Herbst, 38.</ref> Among the most well-known of these giveaways was ''Custer's Last Fight'', a lithograph print of a painting by St. Louis artist Cassilly Adams.<ref name="herbst38"/> As a marketing tactic, Busch distributed thousands of copies of the print to bars in 1896,<ref name="herbst38"/> the same year Anheuser-Busch introduced its new "super-premium" brand, [[Michelob]].<ref>Chura, Hillary. [http://adage.com/article/news/a-b-cranks-michelob-ads-accents-light/57566/ A-B cranks up Michelob ads, accents Light] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702083327/http://adage.com/article/news/a-b-cranks-michelob-ads-accents-light/57566/ |date=July 2, 2015}}. ''Advertising Age''. July 17, 2000. Retrieved March 14, 2011.</ref> Eventually, more than one million copies of the print were produced, and it became "one of the most popular pieces of artwork in American history."<ref name="herbst38"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chromolithograph entitled "Custer's Last Fight" |url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_326129 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=National Museum of American History|archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803002103/https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_326129 |url-status=live}}</ref>

At the turn of the 20th century, Anheuser-Busch continued to expand its production facilities to keep up with demand.<ref name="herbst39">Herbst, 39.</ref> In 1905, the company built a new stockhouse in St. Louis, and by 1907 it produced nearly 1.6 million barrels of beer.<ref name="herbst39"/> As demands for the [[prohibition of alcohol]] in the United States grew, Anheuser-Busch began producing non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic beverages (known as [[near beer]]); the most successful of these was [[Bevo (beverage)|Bevo]], a [[malt beverage]] introduced in 1908.<ref name="herbst39"/> After the death of Adolphus Busch in 1913, control of the company passed to his son, [[August Anheuser Busch Sr.]], who continued to combat the rise of prohibitionists.<ref name="herbst39"/> As part of an effort to improve the respectability of drinking, August Busch built three upscale restaurants in St. Louis during the 1910s: the Stork Inn, the Gretchen Inn (now known as the Feasting Fox), and the [[Bevo Mill, St. Louis|Bevo Mill]].<ref name="herbst39"/>

[[File:Olivedrabcan.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Anheuser-Busch produced olive-colored [[Budweiser]] cans during World War II.]]