Editing Anti-competitive practices (section)

=== Horizontal integration ===
[[Horizontal integration]] can result in [[economies of scale]], [[economies of density]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ralph M |first=Braid |date=2017 |title=Efficiency-enhancing horizontal mergers in spatial competition |journal=Papers in Regional Science|volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=881–895 |doi=10.1111/pirs.12228 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017PRegS..96..881B }}</ref> and be anti-competitive. When two companies with similar products or product characteristics merge horizontally, there is less competition. Horizontal mergers can also easily lead to a monopoly, reducing consumers' choices and indirectly harming consumers' interests.