Editing Antispasmodic (section)

==Skeletal muscle spasm==
{{See also|Muscle relaxant}}
Pharmacotherapy may be used for [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] [[musculoskeletal system|musculoskeletal]] conditions when [[physical therapy]] is unavailable or has not been fully successful. Another class of antispasmodics for such treatment includes [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[carisoprodol]], [[diazepam]], [[orphenadrine]], and [[tizanidine]].<ref name = chou>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.05.002 |pmid=15276195 |title=Comparative efficacy and safety of skeletal muscle relaxants for spasticity and musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review |journal=Journal of Pain and Symptom Management |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=140–75 |year=2004 |last1=Chou |first1=Roger |last2=Peterson |first2=Kim |last3=Helfand |first3=Mark |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Meprobamate]] is another effective antispasmodic which was first introduced for clinical usage in 1955 mainly as an [[anxiolytic]] and soon afterward became a blockbuster psychotropic drug. While clinical usage of meprobamate has largely become obsolete since the development of [[benzodiazepine]]s due to its liability for developing physical  [[substance dependence|dependence]] and severe toxicity during instances of acute  [[drug overdose|overdose]], it is still manufactured and available by prescription. Carisoprodol is similar to meprobamate as they both belong to the [[carbamate]] [[drug class]] and meprobamate is a clinically significant [[active metabolite]] of carisoprodol, although carisoprodol itself possesses additional antispasmodic properties which are distinct from its metabolites. Effectiveness has not been clearly shown for [[metaxalone]], [[methocarbamol]], [[chlorzoxazone]], [[baclofen]], or [[dantrolene]].<ref name = chou /> Applicable conditions include acute back<ref name=Medscape>{{cite web |url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/572676_4 |title = Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |work = medscape.com |access-date = 27 January 2024 }}</ref> or neck pain, or pain after an injury. Long-term use of muscle relaxants in such cases is poorly supported.<ref name=Medscape/>

Spasm may also be seen in movement disorders featuring [[spasticity]] in neurologic conditions such as [[cerebral palsy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], and [[spinal cord disease]]. Medications are commonly used for spastic movement disorders, but research has not shown functional benefit for some drugs.<ref name="Taricco M 2000">{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001131 |pmid=10796750 |title=Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=2 |pages=CD001131 |year=2000 |last1=Taricco |first1=Mariangela |last2=Adone |first2=Roberto |last3=Pagliacci |first3=Christina |last4=Telaro |first4=Elena |pmc=8406943 }}</ref><ref>Shakespeare D, Boggild M, Young CA. Anti-spasticity agents for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001332. {{doi|10.1002/14651858.CD001332}}.</ref> Some studies have shown that medications have been effective in decreasing spasticity, but that this has not been accompanied by functional benefits.<ref name="Taricco M 2000"/> Medications such as [[baclofen]], [[tizanidine]], and [[dantrolene]] have been used.<ref name = chou />