Editing Apollo 16 (section)

==Mission insignia and call signs==
[[File:Apollo 16 Flown Silver Robbins Medallion (SN-19).jpg|thumb|Apollo 16 space-flown [[NASA space-flown Robbins medallions of the Apollo missions|silver Robbins medallion]]]]
The insignia of Apollo 16 is dominated by a rendering of an [[Bald eagle|American eagle]] and a red, white and blue shield, representing the people of the United States, over a gray background representing the lunar surface. Overlaying the shield is a gold NASA vector, orbiting the Moon. On its gold-outlined blue border, there are 16 stars, representing the mission number, and the names of the crew members: Young, Mattingly, Duke.<ref name=insignia1>{{cite web|title=Apollo Mission Insignias|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-18_Mission_Insignias.htm|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201045849/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-18_Mission_Insignias.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The insignia was designed from ideas originally submitted by the crew of the mission,<ref name=insignia2>{{cite web|title=0401439 – Apollo 16 Insignia|url=http://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=3036|publisher=[[NASA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310133851/https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=3036|archive-date=March 10, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> by Barbara Matelski of the graphics shop at the [[Johnson Space Center|Manned Spacecraft Center]] in Houston.{{sfn|Lattimer 1985|p=89}}

Young and Duke chose "Orion" for the Lunar Module's call sign, while Mattingly chose "Casper" for the command and service module. According to Duke, he and Young chose "Orion" for the LM because they wanted something connected with the stars.{{sfn|Lattimer 1985|p=89}} [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] is one of the brightest constellations as seen from Earth,<ref name = "noble">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 16, 1972|last=Wilford|first=John Noble|authorlink=John Noble Wilford|pages=1, 46|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/04/16/91325745.html|title=Apollo 16 Poised for Trip To Highlands of the Moon|archive-date=April 15, 2022|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415235914/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/04/16/91325745.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and one visible to the astronauts throughout their journey.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 18, 1972|page=21|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/18/archives/casper-and-orion-on-moon-trip.html|title=Casper and Orion on Moon Trip|archive-date=February 1, 2022|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201045842/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/18/archives/casper-and-orion-on-moon-trip.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control".<ref name ="launch" /> Mattingly said he chose "Casper", evoking [[Casper the Friendly Ghost]], because "there are enough serious things in this flight, so I picked a non-serious name."<ref name = "noble" />