Editing AppleWorks (section)

=== AppleWorks (Apple II, 1984–1991) ===
Developed by Rupert Lissner,<ref name="incider198609">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/inCider_1986-09#page/n15/mode/2up | title=Extras for the &#x2F;/x | work=inCider | date=September 1986 | access-date=2 July 2014 |author1=de Peyster, Deborah |author2=Statt, Paul | page=14}}</ref> the original AppleWorks is one of the first integrated [[office suite]]s for personal computers, featuring a word processor, spreadsheet, and database merged into a single program. It was released in 1984 as a demonstration product for the new 128K models of the [[Apple II]] line.

In 1982, Apple published Lissner's Quick File, a database program that closely resembled what would become the AppleWorks database module, on both the [[Apple III]] and Apple II.  Apple favored [[Apple Pascal]] at the time, so Lissner initially wrote Quick File in that language at Apple's request. Lissner preferred coding in assembly language, however, and soon rewrote Quick File in assembly on his Apple III and, by summer of 1983, he had added word processor and spreadsheet modules as well. Apple initially purchased the rights to distribute both the Apple III and Apple II versions of the program.  However, Apple decided to drop support for the Apple III and sold the rights for the Apple III version to Haba Systems, who marketed it as III E-Z Pieces and released it shortly before Apple released AppleWorks.<ref name="incider198612">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/inCider_86-12/page/n47/mode/2up | title=The Story of AppleWorks | work=inCider | date=December 1986 | access-date=24 April 2021 |author1=de Peyster, Deborah | pages=46–47}}</ref>  The two products shared the same file formats.

All three AppleWorks programs have the same user interface and exchange data through a common [[clipboard (computing)|clipboard]].{{r|renne19841210}} Previous Apple II application programs had mainly been designed with the older II/II+ line in mind, having only 48K of RAM and 40-column text (in the absence of an add-on card), thus limiting the software's capabilities. In contrast, Appleworks was designed for the [[Apple IIe|IIe]] and [[Apple IIc|IIc]] models which have more RAM, standard 80-column text, an optional numeric keypad, cursor keys, and the new [[ProDOS]] [[operating system]] in place of [[Apple DOS 3.3|DOS 3.3]] which had been standard on 48K machines.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

AppleWorks debuted at #2 on [[Softalk]]'s monthly bestseller list and quickly became the best-selling software package on any computer, ousting even [[Lotus 1-2-3]] from the top of the industry-wide sales charts.<ref>[http://apple2history.org/history/ah19.html Apple II History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404145851/http://apple2history.org/history/ah19.html |date=April 4, 2005 }} AppleWorks page: Apple's "Promotion" of AppleWorks (Retrieved on June 13, 2009)</ref> Apple released version 2.0 in 1986 with the [[Apple IIGS]],{{r|incider198609}}<ref>[http://www.cvxmelody.net/AppleWorks%202.0%20scan%20of%20original%20box,%20disks%20&%20packing%20list%20(1986-87%20Apple%20Computer)%20300%20dpi.pdf AppleWorks 2.0 - scan of original box, disks & packing list] Apple Users Group (Sydney) Disk Collection</ref> by which time Lissner was working on what became [[Microsoft Works]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Discontinued Microsoft Products |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21777891 |publisher=news.ycombinator.com}}</ref> Apple's software subsidiary Claris sold the one millionth copy of AppleWorks in December 1988.{{r|keizer198903}}

A substantial market for AppleWorks third-party accessories and support appeared. The September 1986 issue of ''inCider'' contained two AppleWorks-related articles; advertisements for two AppleWorks-related expansion cards from [[Applied Engineering]], an application promising to let AppleWorks run on an [[Apple II Plus]] with an 80-column display board, an AppleWorks-dedicated newsletter called ''The Main Menu'', and an AppleWorks-related product from [[Beagle Bros]]; many other advertisements that mentioned AppleWorks; and a column criticizing companies that developed AppleWorks-related products instead of new ones ("thinks small and innovates nothing").<ref name="inciderissue198609">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/inCider_1986-09#page/n0/mode/2up | title=September 1986 issue | work=inCider | date=September 1986 | access-date=2 July 2014 | pages=62, 63, 64, 71, 73, 81, 105, 110, 115, 121, inside cover}}</ref> Two years later Beagle Bros released the TimeOut series for AppleWorks and grossed millions of dollars. Thanks to the UltraMacros programming language they included, many other third-party developers innovated new products that used AppleWorks as a foundation and virtual operating system. 
''Compute!'s Apple Applications'' reported in 1987 that "AppleWorks has become a frontier for software developers", and predicted that "Soon, the best software on the Apple II computer line will require AppleWorks".<ref name="caa198712">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/COMPUTEs_Apple_Applications_Vol._5_No._2_Issue_6_1987-12_COMPUTE_Publications_US#page/n9/mode/2up | title=II On II | work=Compute!'s Apple Applications | date=December 1987 | access-date=18 August 2014 | page=8}}</ref> Claris contracted with Beagle Bros to upgrade AppleWorks to version 3.0 in 1989; TimeOut developers Alan Bird, Randy Brandt, and Rob Renstrom added new features and incorporated numerous TimeOut functions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080602060657/http://modena.intergate.ca/personal/gslj/appleworks.html AppleWorks]. Web.archive.org. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref>

By 1989, Claris turned its attention to producing Macintosh and Windows software, letting AppleWorks languish. Claris did, however, agree to license the AppleWorks trademark to Quality Computers. TimeOut developers Randy Brandt and Dan Verkade then created AppleWorks 4.0 in 1993 and AppleWorks 5.0 in 1994, published by Quality Computers along with training videos.

The original 8-bit AppleWorks (which included [[16-bit]] [[memory management]] on the IIGS) is sometimes referred to as "AppleWorks Classic" to differentiate it from AppleWorks GS{{r|keizer198903}} and the later product for Macintosh and Windows.

==== Version history ====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Version !! Year !! Notes
|-
| 1.0 || 1984 || First release.
|-
| 1.1 || 1985 || Fixed hardware bugs with printers and interface cards.
|-
| 1.2 || 1985 || More hardware compatibility improvements.
|-
| 1.3 || 1986 || Hardware support enhancements. Update cost $20.
|-
| 2.0 || September 1986 || More features and better hardware support. Update cost $50.
|-
| 2.1 || September 1988 || Bug fixes and hardware compatibility improvements. Released by Claris.
|-
| 3.0 || 1989 || More features. Update cost either $79 or $99.
|-
| 4.0 || November 1, 1993 || More features. Released by Quality Computers.
|-
| 4.01 || Early November 1993 || Bug fixes.
|-
| 4.02 ||  || Bug fixes.
|-
| 4.3 || 1993 <ref>[http://technologizer.com/2011/04/17/15-amazing-computing-rarities-of-the-1990s/#IDComment143859145 15 Amazing Computing Rarities of the 1990s]. Technologizer.com (April 17, 2011). Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref> ||
|-
| 5.0 || November 1994 || Code-named 'Narnia'.
|-
| 5.1 || Summer 1995 || Bug fixes.
|}