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Asian brown cloud
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==Observations== This pollution layer was observed during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) intensive field observation in 1999 and described in the UNEP impact assessment study published 2002.<ref name="Ramanathan-2002"/> Scientists in India claimed that the Asian Brown cloud is not something specific to Asia.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Pandve | first = Harshal T. | title = The Asian Brown Cloud | pmid = 20040987 | journal = Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine| year = 2008 | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | pages = 93β5 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5278.43269 | pmc = 2796752 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Subsequently, when the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) organized a follow-up international project, the subject of study was renamed ''the Atmospheric Brown Cloud'' with focus on Asia. The cloud was also reported by [[NASA]] in 2004<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/brown_cloud.html |title=NASA Eyes Effects of a Giant 'Brown Cloud' Worldwide (2004) |access-date=2007-08-21 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207231933/https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/brown_cloud.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 2007.<ref>[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8857 Global Aerosol System 2000-2007 (NASA Earth Observatory)]</ref> Although aerosol particles are generally associated with a [[global cooling]] effect, recent studies have shown that they can actually have a [[global warming]] effect in certain regions such as the [[Himalayas]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ramanathan |first1=Veerabhadran |title=Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=448 |doi= 10.1038/nature06019 |date=2 August 2007|pages=575β578 |pmid=17671499 |last2=Ramana |first2=MV |last3=Roberts |first3=G |last4=Kim |first4=D |last5=Corrigan |first5=C |last6=Chung |first6=C |last7=Winker |first7=D |issue=7153|bibcode = 2007Natur.448..575R |s2cid=4420513 }}</ref>
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