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Astronomical system of units
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== Astronomical unit of mass == {{Main|Solar mass}} The astronomical unit of mass is the [[solar mass]].<ref name="IAU1976B"/> The symbol {{Solar mass}} is often used to refer to this unit. The solar mass ({{Solar mass}}), {{val|1.98892|e=30|ul=kg}}, is a standard way to express [[mass]] in [[astronomy]], used to describe the masses of other [[star]]s and [[galaxy|galaxies]]. It is equal to the mass of the [[Sun]], about {{val|333000}} times the mass of the [[Earth]] or 1 048 times the mass of [[Jupiter]]. In practice, the masses of celestial bodies appear in the dynamics of the Solar System only through the products ''GM'', where ''G'' is the constant of gravitation. In the past, ''GM'' of the Sun could be determined experimentally with only limited accuracy. Its present accepted value is {{nowrap|1=''G''{{Solar mass}} = {{val|1.32712442099|(10)|e=20|u=m<sup>3</sup>⋅s<sup>−2</sup>}}}}.<ref name=IERS>{{cite web |title=Table 1.1: IERS numerical standards |work=IERS technical note no. 36: General definitions and numerical standards |editor=Gérard Petit and Brian Luzum |url=http://tai.bipm.org/iers/conv2010/chapter1/tn36_c1.pdf |publisher=[[International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service]] |date=2010 }} For complete document see {{cite book |title=IERS Conventions (2010): IERS technical note no. 36 |editor=Gérard Petit and Brian Luzum |isbn=978-3-89888-989-6 |url=http://www.iers.org/nn_11216/IERS/EN/Publications/TechnicalNotes/tn36.html |publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service |date=2010 |access-date=2012-01-17 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630104818/https://www.iers.org/nn_11216/IERS/EN/Publications/TechnicalNotes/tn36.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Jupiter mass === {{Main|Jupiter mass}} Jupiter mass ({{Jupiter mass}} or ''M''<sub>JUP</sub>), is the unit of [[mass]] equal to the total mass of the planet [[Jupiter]], {{val|1.898|e=27|ul=kg}}. Jupiter mass is used to describe masses of the [[gas giant]]s, such as the [[outer planet]]s and [[extrasolar planet]]s. It is also used in describing [[brown dwarfs]] and Neptune-mass planets. === Earth mass === {{Main|Earth mass}} Earth mass ({{Earth mass}}) is the unit of [[mass]] equal to that of the [[Earth]]. 1 {{Earth mass}} = {{val|5.9742|e=24|ul=kg}}. Earth mass is often used to describe masses of rocky [[terrestrial planet]]s. It is also used to describe Neptune-mass planets. One Earth mass is {{val|0.00315}} times a Jupiter mass. {| class="wikitable" border="1" |+ Equivalent planetary masses ! !! Solar mass |- | Solar mass || 1 |- | Jupiter masses || {{val|1048}} |- | Earth masses || {{val|332950}} |}
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