Editing Augmented reality (section)

==History==
[[File:Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg|thumb|alt= Photograph of the first AR system |[[Virtual Fixture]]s – first AR system, U.S. Air Force, [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] (1992)]]
* 1901: Author [[L. Frank Baum]], in his science-fiction novel ''[[The Master Key (Baum novel)|The Master Key]]'', first mentions the idea of an electronic display/spectacles that overlays data onto real life (in this case 'people'). It is named a 'character marker'.<ref>Johnson, Joel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130522153011/http://moteandbeam.net/the-master-key-l-frank-baum-envisions-ar-glasses-in-1901 "The Master Key": L. Frank Baum envisions augmented reality glasses in 1901] ''Mote & Beam'' 10 September 2012.</ref>
* [[Head-up display|Heads-up displays]] (HUDs), a precursor technology to augmented reality, were first developed for pilots in the 1950s, projecting simple flight data into their line of sight, thereby enabling them to keep their "heads up" and not look down at the instruments. It is a transparent display.
* 1968: [[Ivan Sutherland]] creates the first [[head-mounted display]] that has graphics rendered by a computer.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1145/1476589.1476686 |chapter=A head-mounted three dimensional display |title=Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I) |pages=757 |year=1968 |last1=Sutherland |first1=Ivan E. |s2cid=4561103 }}</ref>
* 1975: [[Myron Krueger]] creates [[Videoplace]] to allow users to interact with virtual objects.
* 1980: The research by Gavan Lintern of the University of Illinois is the first published work to show the value of a [[Head-up display|heads up display]] for teaching real-world flight skills.<ref name="Lintern-1980"/>
* 1980: [[Steve Mann (inventor)|Steve Mann]] creates the first wearable computer, a computer vision system with text and graphical overlays on a photographically mediated scene.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mann |first=Steve |url=https://techland.time.com/2012/11/02/eye-am-a-camera-surveillance-and-sousveillance-in-the-glassage/ |title=Eye Am a Camera: Surveillance and Sousveillance in the Glassage |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>
* 1986: Within IBM, Ron Feigenblatt describes the most widely experienced form of AR today (viz. "magic window," e.g. [[smartphone]]-based [[Pokémon Go]]), use of a small, "smart" flat panel display positioned and oriented by hand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://priorart.ip.com/IPCOM/000040923 |title=Absolute Display Window Mouse/Mice |access-date=19 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106031325/https://priorart.ip.com/IPCOM/000040923 |archive-date=6 November 2019 |df=dmy }} (context & abstract only) ''[[IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin]]'' 1 March 1987</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://priorart.ip.com/IPCOM/000040923 |title=Absolute Display Window Mouse/Mice |access-date=19 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019143932/https://priorart.ip.com/first-page/IPCOM000040923D |archive-date=19 October 2020 |df=dmy }} (image of anonymous printed article) ''[[IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin]]'' 1 March 1987</ref>
* 1987: Douglas George and Robert Morris create a working prototype of an astronomical telescope-based "[[Head-up display|heads-up display]]" system (a precursor concept to augmented reality) which superimposed in the telescope eyepiece, over the actual sky images, multi-intensity star, and celestial body images, and other relevant information.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A computer-driven astronomical telescope guidance and control system with superimposed star field and celestial coordinate graphics display |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=83 |pages=32 |bibcode=1989JRASC..83...32G |last1=George |first1=Douglas B. |last2=Morris |first2=L. Robert |year=1989 }}</ref>
* 1990: The term ''augmented reality'' is attributed to Thomas P. Caudell, a former [[Boeing]] researcher.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Kangdon |s2cid=40826055 |title=Augmented Reality in Education and Training |journal=TechTrends |date=7 February 2012 |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=13–21 |doi=10.1007/s11528-012-0559-3 }}</ref>
* 1992: [[Louis B. Rosenberg|Louis Rosenberg]] developed one of the first functioning AR systems, called [[Virtual fixture|Virtual Fixtures]], at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory—Armstrong, that demonstrated benefit to human perception.<ref>Louis B. Rosenberg. "The Use of [[Virtual fixture|Virtual Fixtures]] As Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in Remote Environments." Technical Report AL-TR-0089, USAF Armstrong Laboratory (AFRL), Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1992.</ref>
* 1992: [[Steven K. Feiner|Steven Feiner]], [[Blair MacIntyre]] and Doree Seligmann present an early paper on an AR system prototype, KARMA, at the Graphics Interface conference.
* 1993: Mike Abernathy, et al., report the first use of augmented reality in identifying space debris using [[Rockwell Collins|Rockwell]] WorldView by overlaying satellite geographic trajectories on live telescope video.<ref name = "ABER93"/>
* 1993: A widely cited version of the paper above is published in [[Communications of the ACM]] – Special issue on computer augmented environments, edited by Pierre Wellner, Wendy Mackay, and Rich Gold.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wellner |first1=Pierre |last2=Mackay |first2=Wendy |last3=Gold |first3=Rich |s2cid=21169183 |title=Back to the real world |journal=Communications of the ACM |date=1 July 1993 |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=24–27 |doi=10.1145/159544.159555 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* 1993: [[Loral Corporation|Loral WDL]], with sponsorship from [[United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center|STRICOM]], performed the first demonstration combining live AR-equipped vehicles and manned simulators. Unpublished paper, J. Barrilleaux, "Experiences and Observations in Applying Augmented Reality to Live Training", 1999.<ref>Barrilleaux, Jon. [[:File:Experiences and Observations in Applying Augmented Reality to Live Training.pdf|Experiences and Observations in Applying Augmented Reality to Live Training]].</ref>
* 1995: S. Ravela et al. at University of Massachusetts introduce a vision-based system using monocular cameras to track objects (engine blocks) across views for augmented reality.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/entities/publication/84c55891-d457-47f6-878b-abe58212ab57|title=Tracking Object Motion Across Aspect Changes for Augmented Reality|first=S.|last=Ravela|date=16 March 1996|via=scholarworks.umass.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/525793|chapter=Adaptive tracking and model registration across distinct aspects|first1=S.|last1=Ravela|first2=B.|last2=Draper|first3=J.|last3=Lim|first4=R.|last4=Weiss|title=Proceedings 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots |date=16 August 1995|volume=1|pages=174–180 vol.1|via=IEEE Xplore|doi=10.1109/IROS.1995.525793|isbn=0-8186-7108-4 |url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cs_faculty_pubs/219 }}</ref>
*1996: General Electric develops system for projecting information from 3D CAD models onto real-world instances of those models.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Patent for Projection of images of computer models in three dimensional space Patent (Patent # 5,687,305 issued November 11, 1997) - Justia Patents Search|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/5687305|access-date=2021-10-17|website=patents.justia.com}}</ref>
* 1998: Spatial augmented reality introduced at [[University of North Carolina]] at Chapel Hill by [[Ramesh Raskar]], Greg Welch, [[Henry Fuchs]].<ref name="raskarSAR" />
* 1999: Frank Delgado, Mike Abernathy et al. report successful flight test of LandForm software video map overlay from a helicopter at Army Yuma Proving Ground overlaying video with runways, taxiways, roads and road names.<ref name="DELG99" /><ref name = "DELG00" />
* 1999: The [[United States Naval Research Laboratory|US Naval Research Laboratory]] engages on a decade-long research program called the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS) to prototype some of the early wearable systems for dismounted soldier operating in urban environment for situation awareness and training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.navy.mil/itd/imda/research/5581/augmented-reality/|title=Information Technology|website=www.nrl.navy.mil}}</ref>
* 1999: NASA X-38 flown using LandForm software video map overlays at [[Dryden Flight Research Center]].<ref>AviationNow.com Staff, "X-38 Test Features Use of Hybrid Synthetic Vision" AviationNow.com, 11 December 2001</ref>
* 2000: [[Rockwell International]] Science Center demonstrates tetherless wearable augmented reality systems receiving analog video and 3D audio over radio-frequency wireless channels. The systems incorporate outdoor navigation capabilities, with digital horizon silhouettes from a terrain database overlain in real time on the live outdoor scene, allowing visualization of terrain made invisible by clouds and fog.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1109/ISAR.2000.880918 |chapter=A wearable augmented reality testbed for navigation and control, built solely with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware |title=Proceedings IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR 2000) |pages=12–19 |year=2000 |last1=Behringer |first1=R. |last2=Tam |first2=C. |last3=McGee |first3=J. |last4=Sundareswaran |first4=S. |last5=Vassiliou |first5=M. |s2cid=18892611 |isbn=0-7695-0846-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1109/ISWC.2000.888495 |chapter=Two wearable testbeds for augmented reality: ItWARNS and WIMMIS |title=Digest of Papers. Fourth International Symposium on Wearable Computers |pages=189–190 |year=2000 |last1=Behringer |first1=R. |last2=Tam |first2=C. |last3=McGee |first3=J. |last4=Sundareswaran |first4=S. |last5=Vassiliou |first5=M. |s2cid=13459308 |isbn=0-7695-0795-6 }}</ref>
*2004: An outdoor helmet-mounted AR system was demonstrated by [[Trimble Navigation]] and the Human Interface Technology Laboratory (HIT lab).<ref name="Outdoor AR" />
*2006: Outland Research develops AR media player that overlays virtual content onto a users view of the real world synchronously with playing music, thereby providing an immersive AR entertainment experience.<ref>{{Cite patent|country=|number=7732694|title=United States Patent: 7732694 - Portable music player with synchronized transmissive visual overlays|status=|pubdate=9 Aug 2006|gdate=8 June 2010|invent1=|inventor1-first=|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=07732694&OS=PN/07732694&RS=PN/07732694}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Slawski|first=Bill|date=2011-09-04|title=Google Picks Up Hardware and Media Patents from Outland Research|url=https://www.seobythesea.com/2011/09/google-picks-up-hardware-and-media-patents-from-outland-research/|website=SEO by the Sea ⚓|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2008: Wikitude AR Travel Guide launches on 20 Oct 2008 with the [[HTC Dream|G1 Android phone]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EA8xlicmT8 Wikitude AR Travel Guide]. YouTube.com. Retrieved 9 June 2012.</ref>
* 2009: ARToolkit was ported to [[Adobe Flash]] (FLARToolkit) by Saqoosha, bringing augmented reality to the web browser.<ref>Cameron, Chris. [http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/flash-based_ar_gets_high-quality_markerless_upgrade.php Flash-based AR Gets High-Quality Markerless Upgrade], ''ReadWriteWeb'' 9 July 2010.</ref>
* 2012: Launch of [[LyteShot|Lyteshot]], an interactive AR gaming platform that utilizes smart glasses for game data
* 2013: [[Niantic, Inc.|Niantic]] releases "[[Ingress (video game)|Ingress]]", an augmented reality mobile game for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] operating systems (and a predecessor of ''[[Pokémon Go]]'').
* 2015: [[Microsoft]] announced the [[HoloLens]] augmented reality headset, which uses various sensors and a processing unit to display virtual imagery over the real world.<ref>Microsoft Channel, YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aThCr0PsyuA], 23 January 2015.</ref>
* 2016: [[Niantic, Inc.|Niantic]] released ''[[Pokémon Go]]'' for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] in July 2016. The game quickly became one of the most popular smartphone applications and in turn spikes the popularity of augmented reality games.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bond|first1=Sarah|title=After the Success of Pokémon Go, How Will Augmented Reality Impact Archaeological Sites?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/drsarahbond/2016/07/17/after-the-success-of-pokemon-go-how-will-augmented-reality-impact-archaeological-sites/|access-date=17 July 2016|date=17 July 2016}}</ref>
* 2018: [[Magic Leap]] launched the [[Magic Leap One]] augmented reality headset.<ref>{{cite web | last=Haselton | first=Todd | title=After almost a decade and billions in outside investment, Magic Leap's first product is finally on sale for $2,295. Here's what it's like. | website=CNBC | date=2018-08-08 | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/08/magic-leap-one-creators-edition-first-look.html | access-date=2024-06-02}}</ref> Leap Motion announced the Project North Star augmented reality headset, and later released it under an open source license.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leap Motion's 'Project North Star' could help make cheap AR headsets a reality |website=[[Mashable]] |date=9 April 2018 |url=https://mashable.com/article/leap-motion-project-north-star-ar-headset |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leap Motion designed a $100 augmented reality headset with super-powerful hand tracking |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/9/17208192/leap-motion-project-north-star-augmented-reality-headset-open-source-concept |website=The Verge |date=9 April 2018 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project North Star is Now Open Source |url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/north-star-open-source/ |website=Leap Motion |date=6 June 2018 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leap Motion Open-sources Project North Star, An AR Headset Prototype With Impressive Specs |url=https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-reveals-project-north-star-an-open-source-wide-fov-ar-headset-dev-kit/ |website=Road to VR |date=6 June 2018 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
* 2019: [[Microsoft]] announced [[HoloLens 2]] with significant improvements in terms of field of view and ergonomics.<ref>Official Blog, Microsoft [https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2019/02/24/microsoft-at-mwc-barcelona-introducing-microsoft-hololens-2/], 24 February 2019.</ref>
* 2022: Magic Leap launched the Magic Leap 2 headset.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magic Leap 2 is the best AR headset yet, but will an enterprise focus save the company? |url=https://www.engadget.com/magic-leap-2-ar-headset-tech-dive-143046676.html |website=Engadget |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
* 2024: [[Meta Platforms]] revealed the Orion AR glasses prototype.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanian |first=Jonathan |date=2024-09-27 |title=Hands-on with Meta's Orion AR glasses prototype and the possible future of computing |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/27/hands-on-with-metas-orion-augmented-reality-smart-glasses-prototype.html |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>