Editing Australian art (section)

===Indigenous Australia===
[[File:Bradshaw rock paintings.jpg|thumb|[[Gwion Gwion rock paintings|Gwion Gwion rock art]] in the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]] region of Western Australia]]
The ancestors of [[Aboriginal Australians]] are believed to have arrived in Australia as early as 60,000 years ago, and evidence of [[Indigenous Australian art]] in Australia can be traced back at least 30,000 years.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/indigenous/art/index.htm
|title=Indigenous art
|work=Australian Culture and Recreation Portal
|publisher=Australia Government
|access-date=26 September 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416144209/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/indigenous/art/index.htm
|archive-date=16 April 2010
}}</ref> Examples of ancient Aboriginal rock artworks can be found throughout the continent. Notable examples can be found in national parks, such as those of the [[UNESCO]] listed sites at [[Uluru]] and [[Kakadu National Park]] in the Northern Territory, and the [[Gwion Gwion rock paintings]] in the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley region of Western Australia]]. Rock art can also be found within protected parks in urban areas such as [[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]] in Sydney.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kakadu National Park|url=https://parksaustralia.gov.au/kakadu/index.html|access-date=2020-08-27|website=parksaustralia.gov.au}}</ref><ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/uluru/index.html Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227150948/http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/uluru/index.html |date=27 December 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.auinfo.com/Ku_Ring_Gai_National_park_Sydney.html Ku Ring Gai Chase National Park, Sydney, Australia. Information and Map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129174555/http://www.auinfo.com/Ku_Ring_Gai_National_park_Sydney.html |date=29 January 2013 }}</ref> The [[Sydney rock engravings]] are approximately 5000 to 200 years old. [[Murujuga]] in Western Australia has the Friends of Australian Rock Art advocating its preservation, and the numerous engravings there were heritage listed in 2007.<ref>* ABC Online 10.02.09 [https://archive.today/20120717023523/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/02/10/2487552.htm?section=entertainment Pilbara Rock Art not Affected by Mining Emissions: Study]</ref><ref>Phillips, Yasmine: World protection urged for Burrup art. 13.01.09 [http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=117675] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In terms of age and abundance, cave art in Australia is comparable to that of [[Lascaux]] and [[Cave of Altamira|Altamira]] in Europe,<ref>[http://australianmuseum.net.au/The-spread-of-people-to-Australia/ The spread of people to Australia], Australian Museum</ref> and Aboriginal art is believed to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world.<ref name="NGVindig">{{cite web |url=http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/exhibitions/the-indigenous-collection |title=The Indigenous Collection |work=The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia |publisher=National Gallery of Victoria |access-date=6 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007081213/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/exhibitions/the-indigenous-collection |archive-date=7 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are three major regional styles: the geometric style found in Central Australia, Tasmania, the Kimberley and Victoria known for its concentric circles, arcs and dots; the simple figurative style found in [[Queensland]]; the complex figurative style found in Arnhem Land which includes X-Ray art.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyiE7hb3KQA&context=C3f97c7cADOEgsToPDskLjebfGy0T1qHyfSa0K0pSG] Arnhem Land Rock Art on Archaeology TV</ref> These designs generally carry significance linked to the spirituality of the [[Dreamtime]].<ref>[http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/indigenous/art/index.htm Australian Indigenous art], australia.gov.au {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416144209/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/indigenous/art/index.htm |date=16 April 2010 }}</ref>

[[File:William BARAK - Wurundjeri people - Corroboree - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|William Barak, ''Corroboree'', 1895]]
[[William Barak]] ({{circa}} 1824–1903) was one of the last traditionally educated of the [[Wurundjeri]]-Willam people who come from the district now incorporating the city of Melbourne. He remains notable for his artworks which recorded traditional Aboriginal ways for the education of Westerners (which remain on permanent exhibition at the [[Ian Potter Centre]] of the [[National Gallery of Victoria]] and the [[Ballarat Fine Art Gallery]]). [[Margaret Preston]] (1875–1963) was among the early non-indigenous painters to incorporate Aboriginal influences in her works. [[Albert Namatjira]] (1902–1959) is a famous Australian artist and an [[Arrernte people|Arrernte]] man. His landscapes inspired the [[Hermannsburg School]] of art.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.hermannsburgschool.com/ |title = Hermannsburg School}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Durack|Elizabeth Durack's]] works, which notably fuse Western and indigenous influences, are significant. Since the 1970s, indigenous artists have employed the use of acrylic paints – with styles such as the [[Western Desert Art Movement]] becoming globally renowned 20th-century art movements.

The [[National Gallery of Australia]] exhibits a great many indigenous art works, including those of the [[Torres Strait Islands]] who are known for their traditional sculpture and headgear.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander art|url=https://nga.gov.au/atsiart/index.cfm|access-date=2020-08-27|website=nga.gov.au}}</ref> The [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]] has an extensive collection of indigenous Australian art. [http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/galleries/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander/] In May 2011, the Director of the Place, Evolution, and Rock Art Heritage Unit (PERAHU) at [[Griffith University]], [[Paul Taçon]], called for the creation of a national database for rock art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.griffith.edu.au/humanities-languages/school-humanities/research/protect-australias-spirit |title=Protect Australia's Spirit – Griffith University |access-date=2011-12-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117223527/http://www.griffith.edu.au/humanities-languages/school-humanities/research/protect-australias-spirit |archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> Paul Taçon launched the "Protect Australia's Spirit" campaign in May 2011 with the Australian actor [[Jack Thompson (actor)|Jack Thompson]].<ref>{{YouTube|XJCcAElSYaU|Protect Australia's Spirit: Interview with Prof. Paul Tacon and Jack Thompson}}</ref> This campaign aims to create the very first fully resourced national archive to bring together information about rock art sites, as well as planning for future rock art management and conservation. The National Rock Art Institute would bring together existing rock art expertise from [[Griffith University]], [[Australian National University]], and the [[University of Western Australia]] if they were funded by philanthropists, big business and government. [[Rock Art Research]] is published twice a year and also covers international scholarship of rock art.