Editing BMP-3 (section)

== Design ==

=== Weaponry and optics ===
The BMP-3 is one of the most heavily armed infantry combat vehicles in service. The original version has a turret fitted with a low-velocity 2A70 100&nbsp;mm rifled gun which can fire conventional shells or [[9M117 Bastion]] Anti Tank Guided Missiles (AT-10 Stabber). It carries 40 100&nbsp;mm rounds and 8 ATGMs. A 2A72 30&nbsp;mm dual feed autocannon with 500 (300 [[High-explosive incendiary|HEI]] and 200 [[Armour-piercing ammunition|AP-T]]) rounds and a rate of fire of 350 to 400 rounds per minute and a 7.62&nbsp;mm [[PKT machine gun|PKT]] [[machine gun]] with 2,000 rounds are mounted coaxially in the turret. The main gun elevates from −5° to +60°.<ref>{{cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/bmp-3-specs.htm |title=BMP-3 Fighting Vehicle |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date=2010-05-13 |access-date=2010-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104015925/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/bmp-3-specs.htm |archive-date=2012-11-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also two 7.62&nbsp;mm PKT bow machine guns, again with 2,000 rounds each. The BMP-3 is capable of engaging targets out to 5,000–6,000 metres with its ATGM weapon system 9K116-3 "Basnya". With conventional ammunition, such as the [[High explosive|HE-Frag]] [[shell (projectile)|shell]] 3OF32, the 2A70 gun has a range of 4,000 metres.

[[File:US Navy 030223-N-1050K-001 UAE offloads a BMP3 Tank at a Kuwaiti port facility from its Elbahia L62 landing craft.jpg|thumb|A BMP-3 of the UAE with a "Namut" thermal sight]]

According to the manufacturer's website, all weapons can be fired while still, on the move, and afloat with the same effectiveness. The ability to hit targets on the move with missiles was successfully demonstrated during competitive evaluations in the UAE in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enemyforces.com/apc/bmp3.htm |title=Infantry Combat Vehicle BMP-3 |publisher=Enemyforces.com |date=1991-07-27 |access-date=2010-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723235819/http://www.enemyforces.com/apc/bmp3.htm |archive-date=2008-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{external media|video1={{YouTube|PsE2TFO55QY|Autoloader animation}}|video2={{YouTube|4oe1_iQERK0|ATGM loading}}}}
The turret is fitted with the 2K23 system, which consists of an [[autoloader]] with 22 rounds (the remaining 18 rounds are stored in the hull), a 1V539 ballistic computer, a crosswind sensor, a 2E52-2 stabilising system, a 1D16-3 laser rangefinder, a 1K13-2 gunner's sight/guidance device, a PPB-1 gunner's sight and an OU-5-1 IR [[searchlight]]. Optional autoloader for ATGM missiles is also available. The commander has a combined optical sight 1PZ-10, a day/night vision device TKN-3MB and an IR searchlight OU-3GA2.<ref name="Zaloga, Steven J. 1999" />

[[File:BMP-3 (6).jpg|thumb|Rear view of a BMP-3, showing how troops are expected to exit the vehicle]]

Since 2005, the BMP-3 can be fitted with a new fire control system from the "Peleng" Joint Stock Company from Belarus. This consists of a SOZH-M gunner's main sight with an integrated laser rangefinder and missile guidance channel, a Vesna-K targeting system with thermal imaging camera and automatic target tracker AST-B, an armament stabilisation system, a ballistic computer with data input sensors and a PL-1 IR laser projector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peleng.by/en/products/special_optoelectronics/ |title=Peleng – Special optoelectronics |publisher=Peleng.by |access-date=2011-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331110657/http://peleng.by/en/products/special_optoelectronics/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.be-and-co.com/oaf_pdf/oaf_010710.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331110651/http://www.be-and-co.com/oaf_pdf/oaf_010710.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kurganmash.ru/en/machines/bmp3u/fire_power/vesna-k/ |title=Vesna-K Sighting system |publisher=Kurganmash.ru |access-date=2011-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927045244/http://www.kurganmash.ru/en/machines/bmp3u/fire_power/vesna-k/ |archive-date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> Since 2017, the BMP-3 is fitted with a new fire control system from the "Vologda Optical-Mechanical Plant" from Russia. This consists of a Sodema two-plane stabilized gunner's main sight with an integrated laser rangefinder and missile guidance channel plus a SOZH-M thermal imaging camera.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/36974|title=ИК-прицел "Содема" установят на БМП-3 - Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|website=www.vpk-news.ru|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406042644/https://www.vpk-news.ru/news/36974|archive-date=2018-04-06|url-status=live}}</ref>

Standard equipment includes five firing ports with associated vision blocks, an R-173 transceiver, an R-173P receiver, a GO-27 radiation and chemical agent detector, an FVU filtration system, an automatic fire extinguisher and six 902V "Tucha-2" 81&nbsp;mm smoke grenade launchers.

BMP-3M is equipped with Bakhcha-U turret, which has similar weapons to the original BMP-3 turret but with a new dual-channel [[FLIR]] gunner's sight, commander's panoramic thermal imaging device, vertical-storage conveyor, new autoloader, and a new sighting system. It also has a stronger armor on the turret, and two-axis stabilisation.<ref name="IncreaseFirepower"/>

The turret of the BMP-3 has been fitted to the [[Patria AMV|Patria Armoured Modular Vehicle]] and on the Turkish-UAE RABDAN 8x8 IFV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/events/exhibitions/idex2009/sections/daily/day5/more-firepower-on-land-an.shtml |title=IDEX 2009 – More firepower on land and water |publisher=Janes.com |date=2007-02-22 |access-date=2010-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/events/exhibitions/sofex2010/galleries.html |title=SOFEX 2010 – Galleries |publisher=Janes.com |access-date=2010-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/idex_2019_news_official_online_show_daily_partner/idex_2019_rabdan_8x8_ifv_with_bmp-3_turret_in_service_with_uae_armed_forces.html |title=IDEX 2019: Rabdan 8x8 IFV with BMP-3 turret in service with UAE armed forces &#124; IDEX 2019 News Official Online Show Daily Partner &#124; Defence security military exhibition 2019 daily news category |access-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307001228/https://armyrecognition.com/idex_2019_news_official_online_show_daily_partner/idex_2019_rabdan_8x8_ifv_with_bmp-3_turret_in_service_with_uae_armed_forces.html |archive-date=2019-03-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2017, a BMP-3M was presented with a new ATGM [[remote weapon station]] fitted on the standard turret carrying two [[9M120 Ataka]] (AT-9 Spiral-2) missiles.<ref name="armyreco25aug17">[https://armyrecognition.com/army-2017_show_daily_news_coverage_report/bmp-3m_with_ataka_9m120-1_anti-tank_guided_missile_army-2017_12508172.html Russian Company Tractors Plants presents BMP-3M armed with Ataka 9M120-1 anti-tank guided missiles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826073526/https://armyrecognition.com/army-2017_show_daily_news_coverage_report/bmp-3m_with_ataka_9m120-1_anti-tank_guided_missile_army-2017_12508172.html |date=2017-08-26 }} – Armyrecognition.com, 25 August 2017</ref>

In June 2018, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that BMP-3s would be fitted with the AU-220M combat module equipped with a 57&nbsp;mm cannon. The module can carry 80 rounds and fire 80 rounds per minute including air burst, high-explosive, fragmentation, armor-piercing and guided munitions with a maximum range of {{cvt|14.5|km}}, and can even punch through the side armor of [[main battle tank]]s.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/june_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/new_au-220m_combat_module_for_russian_bmp-3_ifv.html New AU-220M combat module for Russian BMP-3 IFV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140246/http://www.armyrecognition.com/june_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/new_au-220m_combat_module_for_russian_bmp-3_ifv.html |date=2018-06-12 }}. ''Army Recognition''. 6 June 2018.</ref><ref name="urlNew BMP-3 IFV fitted with a gun mount system AU-220m armed with a 57&nbsp;mm automatic cannon 10909152 | RAE 2015 News Official Online Show Daily Coverage | Defence security military exhibition 2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/rae_2015_news_official_online_show_daily_coverage/new_bmp-3_ifv_fitted_with_a_gun_mount_system_au-220m_armed_with_a_57mm_automatic_cannon_10909152.html |title=New BMP-3 IFV fitted with a gun mount system AU-220m armed with a 57&nbsp;mm automatic cannon 10909152 &#124; RAE 2015 News Official Online Show Daily Coverage &#124; Defence security military exhibition 2015 |date=9 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027150155/https://www.armyrecognition.com/rae_2015_news_official_online_show_daily_coverage/new_bmp-3_ifv_fitted_with_a_gun_mount_system_au-220m_armed_with_a_57mm_automatic_cannon_10909152.html |archive-date=2018-10-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="urlRussian BTR-82 armoured personnel carrier could be upgraded with AU-220M turret 57&nbsp;mm cannon TASS 10810161 | weapons defence industry military technology UK | analysis focus army defence military industry army">{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/russian_btr-82_armoured_personnel_carrier_could_be_upgraded_with_au-220m_turret_57mm_cannon_tass_10810161.html |title=Russian BTR-82 armoured personnel carrier could be upgraded with AU-220M turret 57mm cannon TASS 10810161 &#124; weapons defence industry military technology UK &#124; analysis focus army defence military industry army |date=8 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330201139/https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/russian_btr-82_armoured_personnel_carrier_could_be_upgraded_with_au-220m_turret_57mm_cannon_tass_10810161.html |archive-date=2019-03-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Mobility ===
The vehicle has an unconventional layout. The engine is in the back of the vehicle to the right (unlike most other IFVs, which have the engine located forward in the hull). As a result, the driver is seated forward in the hull (in the center) together with two infantrymen (one on each side of the driver). The vehicle has a double bottom, and the engine is located under the floor of the vehicle (troops enter/leave the vehicle over the engine).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pravda-team.ru/eng/image/photo/2/2/7/26227.jpeg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929210001/http://pravda-team.ru/eng/image/photo/2/2/7/26227.jpeg |archive-date=2012-09-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> The remaining five infantrymen are seated aft of the two-man turret.<ref name="Zaloga, Steven J. 1999" />

Early models were powered by a 450&nbsp;hp engine UTD-29, but most BMP-3s are now equipped with the 500&nbsp;hp UTD-29M version. The engine was developed at the Transmash Diesel Engine Plant in Barnaul.<ref name="Zaloga, Steven J. 1999" /> The BMP-3 has a range of 600&nbsp;km, an altitude of operation of up to 3,000&nbsp;m and it is transportable by train, truck, sea, and air. The BMP-3 engine is a diesel four-stroke, liquid-cooled design. The transmission is a four-speed hydromechanical power unit, with power takeoff to its water jets. The suspension is independent, with a torsion bar and six hydraulic shock absorbers. Steering is by gear differential with hydrostatic drive. The track adjusting mechanism is remotely controlled from the driver's station, with tension force indication. The water-jet propulsion unit is single-stage, axial, [[auger conveyor|auger-type]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kurganmash.ru/en/machines/bmp3/serial_bmp3/ |title=BMP-3 Infantry fighting vehicle |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090646/http://www.kurganmash.ru/en/machines/bmp3/serial_bmp3/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>

=== Countermeasures ===
The hull and turret are made of a high-strength aluminum alloy, with the front of the hull being provided with an extra steel plate welded over it plus spaced armor from the trim vane. The turret is also provided with a thick steel spaced armour shield over its frontal arc. Over the frontal arc, the vehicle is protected against 30&nbsp;mm gun rounds at a range of 200&nbsp;m.<ref name="znamia.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.znamia.ru/produkciya1/primenenie_agregatov_proizvodimyh_i_remontiruemyh_na_oao_mmz_znamya1/military/boevaya_mashina_pehoty_bmp_3/ |title=Боевая машина пехоты БМП-3. Описание. Технические характеристики. Применяемые агрегаты производства АО ММЗ Знамя|website=www.znamia.ru|access-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418160327/http://www.znamia.ru/produkciya1/primenenie_agregatov_proizvodimyh_i_remontiruemyh_na_oao_mmz_znamya1/military/boevaya_mashina_pehoty_bmp_3/|archive-date=2015-04-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to "hard" protection, the BMP-3's self-sealing fuel tank is located in front of the driver, directly behind the front armour plating. It is specially constructed to act as armour, effective against shaped charge warheads as well as any autocannon shells that managed to go through the front armour.

The BMP-3 can create a smoke screen by injecting fuel into the exhaust manifolds.<ref>{{cite web |author=ARG |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/bmp_3.htm |title=BMP-3 Infantry Fighting Vehicle |publisher=Military-Today.com |access-date=2010-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819075336/http://www.military-today.com/apc/bmp_3.htm |archive-date=2009-08-19 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_bmp3.html |title=BMP-3 Infantry Fighting Vehicle (Russia) |publisher=Historyofwar.org |access-date=2010-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621015745/http://historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_bmp3.html |archive-date=2010-06-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> A chemical agent detector, an FVU filtration system, an automatic fire extinguisher and six 902V "Tucha-2" 81&nbsp;mm smoke grenade launchers are standard.

At least two distinct sets of explosive [[reactive armour]] kit are currently available, giving the BMP-3 protection from less advanced rocket propelled grenades. One of them is the Kaktus ERA kit, which has a unique design that creates minimal acoustic and kinetic backlash to the armour behind it upon detonation, thus ensuring that the occupants will not be harmed by shockwaves from the ERA block. The ERA blocks will completely disintegrate after detonation. According to Kurganmashzavod, the BMP-3 may also be fitted with additional side armor tiles, which can resist .50 caliber armour-piercing ammunition perpendicularly at close ranges. They give the BMP-3 added side protection from autocannon fire as well. BMP-3s serial production with ERA started as of November 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1111/161570334/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / В России начался серийный выпуск БМП-3 с динамической защитой }}</ref>

The BMP-3 also has the ability to carry a [[Shtora-1]] electro-optical jammer that disrupts semiautomatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) antitank guided missiles, laser rangefinders and target designators. Shtora is a soft-kill, or passive-countermeasure system. BMP-3s serial production with the [[Nakidka]] camouflage system started as of May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | last=Новости | first=РИА | title=Партию улучшенных по опыту СВО БМП-3 досрочно поставили Минобороны | website=РИА Новости | date=2024-05-07 | url=https://ria.ru/20240507/bmp-1944290604.html | language=ru | access-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> BMP-3 infantry combat vehicles started receiving serially outfitted drone suppression systems in June 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=БМП-3 получили штатную защиту от дронов | website=Центральный Военно-Морской Портал | date=2024-06-24 | url=https://flot.com/2024/%D0%9C%D0%B2%D0%BC%D1%8120/ | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | Центральный Военно-Морской Портал | 2024}} | access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref>

The standard weight of the vehicle is 18.7 tonnes. If additional armour overlay (metal sheet of armour and Kaktus ERA) is installed, the weight will reach to 22.2 tonnes. The body is covered from the sides and the top. In such kit, it is protected against 12.7&nbsp;mm machine gun rounds in the range of 100–200&nbsp;m.<ref name="znamia.ru" /> [[Rostec]] reported in September 2023 that the production of additional protection kits for the BMP-3 increased 30 times in comparison with 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0908/091075152/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / «Ростех»: выпуск комплектов дополнительной защиты для БМП-3 вырос в 30 раз по сравнению с 2022 годом }}</ref>