Editing Basil (section)

=== Phytochemistry ===
The various basils have such distinct scents because the [[volatile organic compound|volatile aromatic compounds]] vary with cultivars.<ref name="simon" /> The essential oil from European basil contains high concentrations of [[linalool]] and [[methyl chavicol]] (estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1.<ref name="simon" /><ref name="janick">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Seung-Joo |last2=Umano |first2=Katumi |last3=Shibamoto |first3=Takayuki |last4=Lee |first4=Kwang-Geun |date=2005 |title=Identification of Volatile Components in Basil (''Ocimum basilicum'' L.) and Thyme Leaves (''Thymus vulgaris'' L.) and Their Antioxidant Properties |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=91 |pages=131–137 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.056}}</ref> Other constituents include: [[1,8-cineole]], [[eugenol]], and [[myrcene]], among others.<ref name="simon" /><ref name="Breitmaier2006">{{Cite book |last=Eberhard Breitmaier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yrbR2WZ8bwC&pg=PA11 |title=Terpenes: Flavors, Fragrances, Pharmaca, Pheromones |date=22 September 2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-31786-8 |pages=11– |quote=Acyclic monoterpenoid trienes such as p-myrcene and configurational isomers of p- ocimene are found in the oils of basil (leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Labiatae), bay (leaves of Fimenta acris, Myrtaceae), hops (strobiles of Humulus lupulus, ... |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210605/http://books.google.com/books?id=9yrbR2WZ8bwC&pg=PA11 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[clove]] scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol.<ref name="Islam2011">{{Cite book |last=Md Shahidul Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCMnYLLb758C&pg=PA50 |title=Transient Receptor Potential Channels |date=4 February 2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-007-0265-3 |pages=50– |quote=Eugenol is a vanilloid contained in relatively high amounts in clove oil from Eugenia caryophyllata, as well as cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and oil from the clove basil Ocimum gratissimum. While eugenol is often referred to as ... |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012221020/http://books.google.com/books?id=TCMnYLLb758C&pg=PA50 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole<ref name="suie">{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=B. Christopher |display-authors=etal |date=1999 |title=Substantial UV-B-mediated induction of essential oils in sweet basil (''Ocimum basilicum'' L.) |journal=[[Phytochemistry (journal)|Phytochemistry]] |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=507–510 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00767-5|bibcode=1999PChem..51..507J }}</ref><ref name="edsh">{{Cite journal |last1=Baritaux |first1=O. |last2=Richard |first2=H. |last3=Touche |first3=J. |last4=Derbesy |first4=M. |display-authors=etal |date=1992 |title=Effects of drying and storage of herbs and spices on the essential oil. Part I. Basil, ''Ocimum basilicum'' L. |journal=[[Flavour and Fragrance Journal]] |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=267–271 |doi=10.1002/ffj.2730070507}}</ref> and [[methyl eugenol]].<ref name="suie" /><ref name="mobg">{{Cite journal |last1=Miele |first1=Mariangela |last2=Dondero |first2=R |last3=Ciarallo |first3=G |last4=Mazzei |first4=M |display-authors=etal |date=2001 |title=Methyleugenol in ''Ocimum basilicum'' L. Cv. 'Genovese Gigante' |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=517–521 |doi=10.1021/jf000865w |pmid=11170620|bibcode=2001JAFC...49..517M }}</ref> In this species eugenol is [[Isoeugenol synthase|synthesised]] from [[coniferyl acetate]] and [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate|NADPH]].<ref name="Lin-et-al-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Jerry |last2=Massonnet |first2=Mélanie |last3=Cantu |first3=Dario |date=2019-07-01 |title=The genetic basis of grape and wine aroma |journal=[[Horticulture Research]] |publisher=[[Nature Portfolio|Nature]] + [[Nanjing Agricultural University]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1{{endash}}24 |doi=10.1038/s41438-019-0163-1 |issn=2052-7276 |pmc=6804543 |pmid=31645942|bibcode=2019HorR....6...81L }}</ref>