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Beit Shemesh
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===Tel Beit Shemesh=== {{main|Tel Beit Shemesh}} [[File:The area of modern Beit Shemesh shortly prior to its founding.png|thumb|The area of modern Beit Shemesh in the 1940s, shortly prior to its founding in 1952.]] The small archaeological [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]] northwest of the modern city was identified in the late 1830s as Biblical [[Tel Beit Shemesh|Beth Shemesh]] โ it was known as Ain Shams โ by [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]].<ref name="Issa 2021 pp. 309โ327">{{cite book | last=Issa | first=Rana | title=Tracing the Jerusalem Code | chapter=Chapter 16 Missionary Philology and the Invention of Bibleland | publisher=De Gruyter | date=2021-04-19 | doi=10.1515/9783110639476-017 | pages=309โ327| isbn=978-3-11-063947-6 | s2cid=233588992 |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350569035|quote=For Robinson and Smith, the natives unwittingly carry the "divine dialect" of the land. Based on information from their lips, Robinson turns Ain Shams into the Bible's Beit Shemesh, Ain and Beit being so seemingly common as to be interchangeable.}}</ref> The mound hosts the ruins of an ancient city that belonged to the tribe of [[Tribe of Judah|Judah]].<ref name=":02" /> Excavations were carried out in various phases during the 20th century. There are also other ancient ruins and findings within the boundaries of the modern municipality. In the area of the neighborhood called Ramat Beit Shemesh, a series of Hebrew-language [[Ostracon|ostraca]] were found, dating from the [[First Temple period|period of the First Temple]], which shed light on the [[Kingdom of Judah]] in the 7th century BCE.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milevski |first=Ianir |last2=Naveh |first2=Joseph |last3=ื ืื |first3=ืืืกืฃ |last4=ืืืืืกืงื |first4=ืื ืืจ |date=2005 |title=ืืืกืืจืงืื ืื ืืฉืคื ืืขืืจืืช ืืจืืช ืืืช ืฉืืฉ, ืืชืจ 94/21, ืืขืจื A-2 / The Hebrew Ostraca from Site 94/21, Cave A-2, at Ramat Bet Shemesh |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23464165?seq=6 |journal='Atiqot / ืขืชืืงืืช |volume=50 |pages=19โ25 |issn=0792-8424}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mendel-Geberovich |first=Anat |last2=Faigenbaum-Golovin |first2=Shira |last3=Shaus |first3=Arie |last4=Sober |first4=Barak |last5=Cordonsky |first5=Michael |last6=Piasetzky |first6=Eli |last7=Finkelstein |first7=Israel |last8=Milevski |first8=Ianir |date=2019 |title=A Renewed Reading of Hebrew Ostraca from Cave A-2 at Ramat Beit Shemesh (Naแธฅal Yarmut), Based on Multispectral Imaging |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26842730 |journal=Vetus Testamentum |volume=69 |issue=4/5 |pages=682โ701 |issn=0042-4935}}</ref>
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