Editing Benzo(a)pyrene (section)

== Sources ==
The main source of atmospheric B''a''P is residential wood burning.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assessment of Benzo-alpha-pyrene Emissions in the Great Lakes Region |pages=23–24 |url=http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei20/session10/asoehl_pres.pdf}}</ref> It is also found in [[coal tar]], in [[Motor vehicle emissions|automobile exhaust fumes]] (especially from [[diesel engine]]s), in all smoke resulting from the combustion of organic material (including [[cigarette smoke]]), and in [[charbroil]]ed food.
A 2001 [[National Cancer Institute]] study found levels of B''a''P to be significantly higher in foods that were cooked well-done on the [[barbecue]], particularly [[steak]]s, [[chicken]] with skin, and [[hamburger]]s: Cooked meat products have been shown to contain up to 4&nbsp;ng/g of B''a''P,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kazerouni | first1 = N | last2 = Sinha | first2 = R | last3 = Hsu | first3 = CH | last4 = Greenberg | first4 = A | last5 = Rothman | first5 = N |display-authors=3 | year = 2002 | title = Analysis of 200 food items for benzo[''a'']pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study | journal = [[Food and Chemical Toxicology]] | volume = 40 | issue = 1| pages = 423–36 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00158-7 | pmid = 11313108 }}</ref> and up to 5.5&nbsp;ng/g in fried chicken<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = BM | last2 = Shim | first2 = GA | date = Aug 2007 | title = Dietary exposure estimation of benzo[''a'']pyrene and cancer risk assessment | journal = Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A | volume = 70 | issue = 15–16| pages = 1391–4 | pmid = 17654259 | doi=10.1080/15287390701434182| s2cid = 21302834 }}</ref> and 62.6&nbsp;ng/g in overcooked charcoal barbecued beef.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 16638662 | doi=10.1080/09637480500465436 | volume=56 | issue=8 | title=Determination of benzo[''a'']pyrene in charcoal grilled meat samples by HPLC with fluorescence detection | date=December 2005 | journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr | pages=581–5 | last1 = Aygün | first1 = SF | last2 = Kabadayi | first2 = F| s2cid=35095622 }}</ref>

B''a''P is discharged in wastewater by industries such as [[smelting|smelter]]s, particularly [[iron and steel]] mills<ref>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. (2002). "Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' [https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=7e2e50f207072b35927561ef22e99dfa&mc=true&node=pt40.31.420&rgn=div5 40 CFR Part 420].</ref> and [[aluminium]] smelters.<ref>EPA (1984). "Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' [https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=cbb3de2695690bb75aab6eb27d17ccc2&mc=true&node=pt40.31.421&rgn=div5 40 CFR Part 421].</ref>