Editing Bioenergetics (section)

==Types of reactions==
* An '''exergonic''' reaction is a spontaneous chemical reaction that releases energy.<ref name="AutoRefC" /> It is thermodynamically favored, indexed by a negative value of Δ''G'' ([[Gibbs free energy]]). Over the course of a reaction, energy needs to be put in, and this activation energy drives the reactants from a stable state to a highly energetically unstable transition state to a more stable state that is lower in energy (see: [[reaction coordinate]]). The reactants are usually complex molecules that are broken into simpler products. The entire reaction is usually [[Catabolism|catabolic]].<ref> Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. ''Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry.'' New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Sixth ed., pg. 502. </ref> The release of energy (called Gibbs free energy) is negative (i.e. −Δ''G'') because energy is released from the reactants to the products.
* An '''endergonic''' reaction is an anabolic chemical reaction that consumes energy.<ref name="AutoRefB" /> It is the opposite of an exergonic reaction. It has a positive ΔG because it takes more energy to break the bonds of the reactant than the energy of the products offer, i.e. the products have weaker bonds than the reactants. Thus, endergonic reactions are thermodynamically unfavorable. Additionally, endergonic reactions are usually [[Anabolism|anabolic]].<ref> Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. ''Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry.'' New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Sixth ed., pg. 503. </ref>

The free energy (Δ''G'') gained or lost in a reaction can be calculated as follows: Δ''G'' = Δ''H'' − ''T''Δ''S''
where ∆''G'' = [[Gibbs free energy]], ∆''H'' = [[enthalpy]], ''T'' = temperature (in [[kelvin]]s), and ∆''S'' = [[entropy]].<ref> Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. ''Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry.'' New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Sixth ed., p. 23. </ref>