Editing Blue Origin (section)

== Launch vehicles ==
[[File:New Shepard booster at Oshkosh Airventure 2017 02 (36143645465).jpg|thumb|upright|New Shepard booster]]
[[File:Blue Origin M7.jpg|thumb|Flown New Shepard Capsule]]

=== New Shepard ===
{{Main|New Shepard}}
[[New Shepard]] is a [[Reusable launch vehicle|fully reusable]] [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital]] [[launch vehicle]] developed for [[space tourism]]. The vehicle is named after [[Alan Shepard]], the first American astronaut in space. The vehicle is capable of [[VTVL|vertical takeoff and landings]] and can carry humans and customer payloads to the [[edge of space]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2022 |title=Blue Origin launches six thrill seekers to the edge of space – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/blue-origin-launches-six-thrill-seekers-to-the-edge-of-space/ |access-date=July 18, 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718022203/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/blue-origin-launches-six-thrill-seekers-to-the-edge-of-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The New Shepard is a [[rocket]] that consists of a [[Booster (rocketry)|booster rocket]] and a crew capsule. The capsule can be configured to house up to six [[passenger]]s, [[cargo]], or a combination of both. The [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] rocket is powered by one [[BE-3]]PM engine, which sends the capsule to an apogee ([[Sub-orbital spaceflight|Sub-Orbital]]) of {{convert|100.5|km|mi}} and flies above the [[Kármán line]], where passengers and cargo can experience a few minutes of [[weightlessness]] before the capsule returns to [[Earth]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Three minutes of microgravity is worth the cost of a small house, if you're a scientist |url=https://qz.com/1174480/blue-origins-new-shepard-and-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-put-science-in-space-for-three-minutes-and-thats-a-game-changer |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629201344/https://qz.com/1174480/blue-origins-new-shepard-and-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-put-science-in-space-for-three-minutes-and-thats-a-game-changer |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Watch Blue Origin New Shepard-22 Launch! (Full Flight) | date=August 4, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbFXy30hUmA |access-date=July 14, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714153416/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbFXy30hUmA |url-status=live }}</ref>

The launch vehicle is designed to be fully reusable, with the capsule returning to Earth via three [[parachute]]s and a [[solid-propellant rocket|solid rocket motor]]. The booster lands vertically on the same launchpad it took off from. The company has successfully launched and landed the [[New Shepard]] [[launch vehicle]] 26 times with 1 partial failure (deemed successful) and 1 failure. The launch vehicle has a length of {{convert|19.2|m|ft}}, a diameter of {{convert|3.8|m|ft}} and a launch mass of {{convert|75|ST|lb kg}}. The [[BE-3]]PM engine produces 490&nbsp;kN of thrust at [[takeoff]]. The New Shepard allows the company to significantly reduce the cost of [[space tourism]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Eric M. |last2=Shepardson |first2=David |date=July 12, 2021 |title=U.S. approves Blue Origin license for human space travel ahead of Bezos flight |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-approves-blue-origin-license-human-space-travel-ahead-bezos-flight-2021-07-12/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601165703/https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-approves-blue-origin-license-human-space-travel-ahead-bezos-flight-2021-07-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frąckiewicz |first=Marcin |date=March 8, 2023 |title=The Economic Impacts of Blue Origin's Spaceflights |url=https://ts2.space/en/the-economic-impacts-of-blue-origins-spaceflights/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=TS2 SPACE |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717231634/https://ts2.space/en/the-economic-impacts-of-blue-origins-spaceflights/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the morning of February 25, 2025, Blue Origin launched its 10th space tourism mission and sent six paying passengers to suborbital space. This was the company's tenth human flight, and its 30th overall flight of New Shepard.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=2025-02-25 |title=Blue Origin launches 'Perfect 10' space tourists on New Shepard rocket|url=https://www.space.com/space-exploration/private-spaceflight/watch-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launch-10th-space-tourism-flight-today|website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== New Glenn ===
{{Main|New Glenn}}
[[File:New Glenn launch signals new era for Space Launch Complex 36 (8832113).jpg|thumb|New Glenn maiden launch, 16 January&nbsp;2025]]
[[File:New Glenn.svg|thumb|upright=0.2|New Glenn rocket as designed in 2018]]
[[New Glenn]] is a [[Heavy-lift launch vehicle|heavy-lift]] [[launch vehicle]], first successfully launched in January 2025.<ref name=":7">{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=MJvDNs7_NZI | title=LIVE: Blue Origin launches New Glenn rocket on first test flight| website=[[YouTube]]| access-date=January 16, 2025 }}</ref> The initial launch date had been set back by numerous delays. Named after [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] [[John Glenn]], design work on the vehicle began in early 2012. Illustrations of the vehicle, and the high-level specifications, were initially publicly unveiled in September 2016. The full vehicle was first unveiled on a launch pad on February 21, 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-origin-debuts-new-glenn-on-our-launch-pad | title=Blue Origin Debuts New Glenn on Our Launch Pad | access-date=February 22, 2024 | archive-date=February 22, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222185958/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-origin-debuts-new-glenn-on-our-launch-pad | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[rocket]] has a diameter of 7 meters (23&nbsp;ft), and its first stage is powered by seven [[BE-4]] engines. The fairing is claimed to have twice the payload volume of "any commercial launch system" and to be the biggest [[payload fairing]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mooney |first=Justin |date=December 6, 2022 |title=Blue Origin conducts fairing testing amid quiet New Glenn progress |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/blue-origin-new-glenn/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228091937/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/blue-origin-new-glenn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Like the [[New Shepard]], New Glenn's first stage is also designed to be [[Reusable launch system|reusable]]. In 2021, the company initiated conceptual design work on approaches to potentially make the second stage reusable as well, with the project codenamed "[[Project Jarvis]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=First images of Blue Origin's "Project Jarvis" test tank |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/08/first-images-of-blue-origins-project-jarvis-test-tank/ |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=Ars Technica |date=August 24, 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824232002/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/08/first-images-of-blue-origins-project-jarvis-test-tank/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[NASA]] announced on February 9, 2023, that it had selected the New Glenn [[heavy-lift launch vehicle]] for the launch of two [[EscaPADE|Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) spacecraft]]. The New Glenn heavy-lift launch vehicle will launch ESCAPADE<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Blue Origin wins first NASA business for New Glenn |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-wins-first-nasa-business-for-new-glenn/ |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717231634/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-wins-first-nasa-business-for-new-glenn/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA picks Blue Origin's New Glenn to fly a science mission to Mars |url=https://www.engadget.com/nasa-blue-origin-new-glenn-escapade-science-mission-mars-110049165.html |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=Engadget |date=February 10, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402210653/https://www.engadget.com/nasa-blue-origin-new-glenn-escapade-science-mission-mars-110049165.html |url-status=live }}</ref> in Q2 of 2025 with the ESCAPADE [[spacecraft]] entering [[Mars]]'s orbit approximately one year after launch.

In 2024, Blue Origin received funding from the [[United States Space Force|USSF]] to assess New Glenn's ability to launch national security payloads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Blue Origin gets U.S. Space Force funding for New Glenn 'integration studies' |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-gets-u-s-space-force-funding-for-new-glenn-integration-studies/ |access-date=January 24, 2024 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> On January 16, 2025, Blue Origin achieved its first successful launch of New Glenn from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]'s [[Launch Complex 36]] at 02:03 Eastern Time<ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=MJvDNs7_NZI | title=LIVE: Blue Origin launches New Glenn rocket on first test flight| website=[[YouTube]]| access-date=January 16, 2025 }}</ref>  The mission's primary objective was to deploy the Blue Ring Pathfinder test satellite, which was successfully placed into orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeff Bezos-backed Blue Origin rocket reaches orbit but misses landing in debut |url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/jeff-bezos-backed-blue-origin-rocket-reaches-orbit-but-misses-landing-in-debut/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.businesspost.ie |language=en-US}}</ref>