Editing Body surface area (section)

==Calculation==
Various calculations have been published to arrive at the BSA without direct measurement. In the following formulae, BSA is expressed in [[meter|m]]<sup>2</sup>, weight (or, more properly, mass) W in [[kilogram|kg]], and height H in [[centimeter|cm]].

The most widely used is the Du Bois formula,<ref name='Du Bois1916'>{{cite journal | title = A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | date = Jun 1916 |vauthors=Du Bois D, Du Bois EF | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 863–71 | doi=10.1001/archinte.1916.00080130010002| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1423319 }} Reprinted in {{PMID|2520314}}</ref><ref name='Verbraecken2006'>{{cite journal | title = Body surface area in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults. A comparison study | journal = Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental | date = Apr 2006 | first = J | last = Verbraecken |author2=Van de Heyning P|author3=De Backer W|author4=Van Gaal L | volume = 55 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–24 | doi = 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.11.004 | url = http://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(05)00437-3/abstract | access-date = 2012-09-07 | pmid=16546483| url-access = subscription }}</ref> which has been shown to be equally as effective in estimating body fat in obese and non-obese patients, something the [[Body mass index]] fails to do.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17028412 |year=2006 |last1=Sardinha |first1=LB |last2=Silva |first2=AM |last3=Minderico |first3=CS |last4=Teixeira |first4=PJ |title=Effect of body surface area calculations on body fat estimates in non-obese and obese subjects. |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1197–209 |journal=Physiological Measurement |doi=10.1088/0967-3334/27/11/012|bibcode=2006PhyM...27.1197S |s2cid=12141324 }}</ref>

:<math>{BSA}=0.007184 \times W^{0.425} \times H^{0.725} </math>

The Mosteller formula is also commonly used, and is mathematically simpler:<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mosteller | first1 = RD | year = 1987 | title = Simplified calculation of body-surface area | journal = [[N Engl J Med]] | volume = 317 | issue = 17| page = 1098 | pmid = 3657876 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198710223171717}}</ref>

:<math>{BSA }= \frac{\sqrt{W \times H}}{60} 
=  0.016667 \times W^{0.5} \times H^{0.5} </math>

Other formulas for BSA in m<sup>2</sup> include:

:{|
| Haycock<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Haycock | first1 = GB | last2 = Schwartz | first2 = GJ | last3 = Wisotsky | first3 = DH | year = 1978 | title = Geometric method for measuring body surface area: A height-weight formula validated in infants, children and adults | journal = J Pediatr | volume = 93| issue = 1 | pages = 62–66 | doi = 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80601-5 | pmid = 650346 }}</ref> || <math> 0.024265 \times W^{0.5378} \times H^{0.3964}</math>
|-
|Gehan and George<ref>Gehan EA, George SL, ''Cancer Chemother Rep'' 1970, 54:225-235</ref> &nbsp; &nbsp; || <math> 0.0235 \times W^{0.51456} \times H^{0.42246} </math>
|-
|Boyd <ref name='Boyd1935'>Boyd, Edith (1935). ''The Growth of the Surface Area of the Human Body.'' University of Minnesota. The Institute of Child Welfare, Monograph Series, No. x. London: Oxford University Press.</ref> || <math> 0.03330
  \times W^{(0.6157 - 0.0188  \log_{10} {W})} \times H^{0.3} </math>
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp; or alternatively &nbsp; &nbsp; || <math> 0.0003207
 \times \mathrm{weight} \mathrm{(g)}^{(0.7285 - 0.0188 \log_{10}{\mathrm{weight} \mathrm{ (g)}})}
 \times H^{0.3} </math>
|-
|Fujimoto<ref name='Fujimoto1968'>{{cite journal | last1 = Fujimoto | first1 = S | last2 = Watanabe | first2 = T | last3 = Sakamoto | first3 = A | last4 = Yukawa | first4 = K | last5 = Morimoto | first5 = K | year = 1968 | title = Studies on the physical surface area of Japanese. 18. Calculation formulae in three stages over all ages | journal = Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi | volume = 23 | issue = 5| pages = 443–50 | doi = 10.1265/jjh.23.443 | pmid = 5752712 | doi-access = free }}</ref> || <math> 0.008883  \times W^{0.444} \times H^{0.663} </math>
|-
|Takahira<ref name='Fujimoto1968' /> || <math> 0.007241  \times W^{0.425} \times H^{0.725} </math>
|-
|Shuter and Aslani<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shuter | first1 = B | last2 = Aslani | first2 = A | year = 2000 | title = Body surface area: Du bois and Du bois revisited | journal = European Journal of Applied Physiology | volume = 82 | issue = 3| pages = 250–254 | doi=10.1007/s004210050679| pmid = 10929220 | s2cid = 25764872 }}</ref> || <math> 0.00949  \times W^{0.441} \times H^{0.655} </math>
|-
|Lipscombe <ref>Lipscombe, Trevor, ''Body Surface Area Formula by Use of Geometric Means'' [[Medicina Internacia Revuo]] 2020, 29 (114):11-18</ref> &nbsp; &nbsp; || <math> 0.00878108 \times W^{0.434972} \times H^{0.67844} </math>
|-
|rowspan=2 | Schlich<ref name=Schlich>{{cite journal | last1 = Schlich | first1 = E | last2 = Schumm | first2 = M | last3 = Schlich | first3 = M | year = 2010 | title = 3-D-Body-Scan als anthropometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Körperoberfläche | journal = [[Ernährungs Umschau]] | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | pages = 178–183 | url = https://www.ernaehrungs-umschau.de/print-artikel/12-04-2010-the-3d-body-scan-as-an-anthropometric-analysis-to-measure-the-specific-body-surface/ }}</ref> || <math>0.000975482 \times W^{0.46} \times H^{1.08} </math> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (women)
|-
|<math>0.000579479 \times W^{0.38} \times H^{1.24} </math> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (men)
|}

For any formula, the units should match. Mosteller pointed out that his formula holds only if the density is treated as a constant for all humans. Lipscombe, following Mosteller's reasoning, observed that the formulas obtained by Fujimoto, Shuter and Aslani, Takahira, and Lipscombe are suggestive of <math> {8/900}  \times W^{4/9} \times H^{2/3} </math>, which is dimensionally correct for the case of constant density. It equals <math> (2^3/3^2)  \times (W^{2/3} H) ^ {2/3} /100 </math>.

A weight-based formula that does not include a square root (making it easier to use) was proposed by [[Hanan Costeff|Costeff]] and recently validated for the pediatric age group. It is [4W (kg) + 7]/[90 + W (kg)].<ref>Costeff H, "A simple empirical formula for calculating approximate surface area in children.," ''Arch Dis Child'', vol. 41, no. 220, pp. 681–683, Dec. 1966.</ref><ref name=Furqan>{{cite journal|last=Furqan|first=M|author2=Haque, A|title=Surface area in children: a simple formula.|journal=Indian Pediatrics|date=December 2009|volume=46|issue=12|pages=1085–7|pmid=19430073}}</ref>