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Braid
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== Industrial history and use == Early braids had many uses, such as costume decoration, animal [[regalia]] (like camel girths), [[sword]] decoration, bowls and hats (from [[Arecaceae|palm leaves]]), [[lock (security device)|lock]]s (such as those made in Japan to secure precious tea supplies through the use of elaborate knots), and weapons (e.g. slings). Materials that are used in braids can vary depending on local materials. For instance, South Americans used the very fine fibers from the wool of [[alpaca]] and [[llama]], while North American people made use of [[bison]] fibers. Throughout the world, vegetable fibers such as [[Poaceae|grass]], [[List of plants known as nettle|nettle]], and [[hemp]] have been used to create braids. In China, Korea, and Japan [[silk]] still remains the main material used. In the Americas, the braiding of [[leather]] is also common. Plaiting with [[kangaroo]] leather has been a widely practiced tradition in rural Australia since [[Pioneering (Scouting)|pioneering]] times. It is used in the production of fine leather belts, hatbands, bridles, dog leads, bullwhips, [[stockwhip]]s, etc. Other leathers are used for the plaiting of heavier products suitable for everyday use.<ref>Grant, Bruce, ''Encyclopedia of Rawhide and Leather Braiding'', Cornell Maritime Press, Cambridge, Maryland, 1972. {{ISBN|0-87033-161-2}}</ref> For nomadic peoples, braiding was a practical means of producing useful and decorative textiles. In other areas, such as the [[Pacific Islands|Pacific islands]] (where leaves and grasses are braided), and for many hill tribes, braids are made using minimal equipment. It was only when braiding became a popular occupation in the home or school, as it is in China and Japan, and when the Industrial Revolution came about, that specific tools were developed to increase production and make it easier to produce more complicated patterns of braids. Braids are also very good for making rope and decorative objects.<ref name="RssMnk">{{cite web |url=http://www.iknowhair.com/braid-guide/ |title=Braid Hairstyles Guide - DIY |date=19 October 2010 |publisher=Iknowhair.com |access-date=2013-11-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112100312/http://www.iknowhair.com/braid-guide/ |archive-date=2013-11-12 }}</ref> Complex braids have been used to create hanging fibre artworks. '''Gold braids''' and '''silver braids''' are components or trims of many kinds of [[formal dress]], including [[military uniform]] (in [[epaulette]]s, [[aiguillette]]s, on headgear). ===Ropes and cables=== [[File:Braid StepBystep.jpg|left|thumb|A step by step creation of a basic braid using three strings]] Braiding creates a composite rope that is thicker than the non-interlaced strands of [[yarn|yarns]]. Braided ropes are preferred by [[arborist]]s, [[rock climbing|rock climbers]], and in [[sport sailing]] because they do not twist under load, as does an ordinary twisted-strand rope. These ropes consist of one or more concentric tubular braided jackets surrounding either several small twisted fibre cords, or a single untwisted yarn of straight fibres, and are known as [[Kernmantle rope]]s. In electrical and electronic cables, ''braid'' is a tubular sheath made of braided strands of metal placed around a central cable for shielding against [[electromagnetic interference]]. The braid is grounded while the central conductor(s) carries the signal. The braid may be used in addition to a foil jacket to increase shielding and durability. [[Litz wire]] uses braids of thin insulated wires to carry high frequency signals with much lower losses from [[skin effect]] or to minimise [[proximity effect (electromagnetism)|proximity effect]] in transformers. Flat braids made of many copper wires can also be used for flexible electrical connections between large components. The numerous smaller wires comprising the braid are much more resistant to breaking under repeated motion and vibration than is a cable of larger wires. Similar braiding is used on pressurized [[Hose (tubing)|hoses]], such as in plumbing and [[hydraulic brake]] systems in automobiles. Braiding is also used for fibres for composite reinforcements. A property of the basic braid is that removing one strand unlinks the other two, as they are not twisted around each other. Mathematically, a braid with that property is called a [[Brunnian braid]].
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