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Breast reduction
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===Medical history=== The medical history records the patient's age, the number of children the patient has borne, the patient's [[Breastfeeding|breast-feeding]] practices, plans for pregnancy and nursing of the infant, medication allergies, and tendency to bleeding. Additional to the personal medical information are the patient's history of [[tobacco smoking]] and concomitant diseases, breast-surgery and breast-disease histories, family history of [[breast cancer]], and complaints of neck, back, shoulder pain, breast sensitivity, rashes, infection, and upper extremity numbness.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} The physical examination records and establishes the accurate measures of the patient's [[body mass index]], vital signs, the mass of each breast, the degree of inframammary intertrigo present, the degree of [[Ptosis (breasts)|breast ptosis]], the degree of enlargement of each breast, lesions to the skin envelope, the degree of sensation in the [[Areola|nipple–areola complex]] (NAC), and discharges from the nipple. Also noted are the secondary effects of the enlarged breasts, such as shoulder-notching by the brassière strap from the breast weight, [[kyphosis]] (excessive, backwards curvature of the [[Thoracic vertebrae|thoracic region]] of the [[spinal column]]), skin irritation, and skin rash affecting the breast crease (IMF).<ref name="EspinosadelosMonteros">{{EMedicine|article|1274770|Lejour Breast Reduction}}</ref>
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