Editing Bridgman–Stockbarger method (section)

=== Bagdasarov method ===
A variant of the technique known as the '''horizontal directional solidification method''' ('''HDSM''') developed by Khachik Bagdasarov ({{Langx|ru|Хачик Багдасаров}}) starting in the 1960s in the Soviet Union. It uses a flat-bottomed crucible made out of [[molybdenum]] with short sidewalls rather than an enclosed [[ampoule]], and has been used to grow various large oxide crystals including [[Yttrium aluminium garnet|Yb:YAG]] (a laser host crystal),<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arzakantsyan|first1=M.|last2=Ananyan|first2=N.|last3=Gevorgyan|first3=V.|last4=Chanteloup|first4=J.-C.|title=Growth of large 90 mm diameter Yb:YAG single crystals with Bagdasarov method|journal=[[Optical Materials Express]]|date=2012|volume=2|issue=9|pages=1219–1225|doi=10.1364/OME.2.001219|bibcode=2012OMExp...2.1219A|doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[sapphire]] crystals 45&nbsp;cm wide and over 1 meter long.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Montgomery|first1=Matthew|last2=Blockburger|first2=Clark|editor1-last=Zelinski|editor1-first=Brian J.|title=18 x 36 x 1.5 inch sapphire panels for visible and infrared windows|journal=Proc. SPIE|volume=10179 101790N-1|issue=Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XV|pages=101790N|doi=10.1117/12.2269465|series=Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XV|year=2017|bibcode=2017SPIE10179E..0NM|s2cid=125444288 }}</ref> However, the quality of the crystals grown by HDSM differ from the [[Czochralski method]], due to the problem of the problematic presence of bubbles.