Editing Bugatti Veyron (section)

== {{anchor|Bugatti Veyron}} Bugatti Veyron (2005–2011) ==
=== Specifications and performance ===
[[File:Volkswagen W16.jpg|thumb|The Veyron's quad-turbocharged W16 engine]]

The Veyron features an 8.0-litre, quad-turbocharged, [[W16 engine|W16]] cylinder engine, equivalent to two narrow-angle [[V8 engine]]s bolted together. Each cylinder has [[multi-valve|four valves]] for a total of 64, but the configuration of each bank allows two [[overhead camshaft]]s to drive two banks of cylinders so only four camshafts are needed. The engine is fed by four [[turbocharger]]s and displaces {{convert|7993|cc|cid|1|lk=on|abbr=on}}, with a square {{convert|86|by|86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore and stroke.

[[File:Bugatti Veyron 16.4 – Heckansicht (4), 5. April 2012, Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|Bugatti Veyron 16.4]]
[[File:13-06-2008 - SC08 Bugatti EB 16.4 Veyron Interior.jpg|thumb|Bugatti Veyron Interior]]
The transmission is a [[dual-clutch]] [[direct-shift gearbox|direct-shift]] computer-controlled [[automatic transmission]] having seven [[gear ratio]]s, with [[magnesium]] paddles behind the steering wheel and a shift time of less than 150&nbsp;milliseconds, built by [[Ricardo plc|Ricardo]] of England rather than [[Borg-Warner]], who designed the six speed DSG used in the mainstream Volkswagen Group marques. The Veyron can be driven in either semi-automatic or fully-automatic mode. A replacement transmission for the Veyron costs just over {{USD|120,000}}.<ref name="cad-2008"/> It also has [[permanent all-wheel drive]] using the [[Haldex Traction]] system. It uses special [[Michelin]] [[Michelin PAX System|PAX]] [[run-flat tyre]]s, designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron's top speed, and cost {{USD|25,000}} per set.<ref name="cad-2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/hot_lists/high_performance/supercars_and_exotics/bugatti_veyron_16_4_road_test/(page)/1 |first=John |last=Phillips |title=Bugatti Veyron 16.4 – Road Test |work=[[Car and Driver]] |date=December 2008 |access-date=22 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603070749/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/hot_lists/high_performance/supercars_and_exotics/bugatti_veyron_16_4_road_test/(page)/1 |archive-date=3 June 2009  }}</ref> The tyres <!-- as per wp:engvar, this article uses British spelling - "tyres" is correct --> can be mounted on the wheels only in France, a service which costs {{USD|70,000}}.<ref name="cad-2008"/> [[Kerb weight]] is {{convert|1888|kg|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/structure.html |title=Lightweight Construction Concept |publisher=bugatti.com |date=30 November 2011 |access-date=9 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421084535/http://www.bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/structure.html |archive-date=21 April 2012  }}</ref> This gives the car a power-to-weight ratio, according to Volkswagen Group's figures, of {{convert|{{#expr:1001/1.888 round 0}}|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} <!-- 1001PS over 1888kg --> per ton.
The car's wheelbase is {{convert|2710|mm|1|abbr=on}}. Overall length is {{convert|4462|mm|1|abbr=on}} which gives {{convert|1752.6|mm|1|abbr=on}} of overhang. The width is {{convert|1998|mm|1|abbr=on}} and height {{convert|1204|mm|1|abbr=on}}. The Bugatti Veyron has a total of ten radiators:<ref name="pop-sci-nov06-72.73">{{Cite journal|last1=Adams|first1=Eric|title=Inside a Street-Legal Land Rocket|journal=Popular Science|volume=269 |issue=6|year=2006|page=73}}</ref>
*3 air-to-liquid intercooler loop radiators
*3 engine water-cooling radiators
*1 air conditioning condenser
*1 transmission oil radiator
*1 differential oil radiator
*1 engine oil radiator

It has a {{Cd|long=yes|link=car|0.41}} (normal condition) and {{Cd|0.36}} (after lowering to the ground),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bugattipage.com/ride.htm |title=the Bugatti Page: Bugatti Veyron driving experience |publisher=Bugattipage.com |access-date=27 October 2008}}</ref> and a frontal area of {{convert|2.07|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/Slideshow/slideshowContentFrameFrag.jhtml?xml=/motoring/2005/10/17/upixbug.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521222900/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/Slideshow/slideshowContentFrameFrag.jhtml?xml=/motoring/2005/10/17/upixbug.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 May 2008 |title=Telegraph &#124; Picture Gallery &#124; BUGATTI VEYRON |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |access-date=27 October 2008 |date=10 September 2008}}</ref> This gives it a drag area, the product of [[drag coefficient]] and frontal area, of {{CdA|link=car|{{convert|0.74|sqm|sqft|abbr=on}}}}.

=== Engine power output ===
According to Volkswagen Group and certified by [[Technischer Überwachungsverein|TÜV Süddeutschland]], the W16 engine utilised by the Veyron has a power output of {{cvt|1001|PS|kW hp PS|0|order=out}}, and generates {{convert|1250|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.<ref name="cad-2005">{{cite web
|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/05q4/bugatti_veyron_16.4-first_drive_review
|title=Bugatti Veyron 16.4 – First Drive Review: The fastest and most expensive production car ever
|first=Csaba |last=Csere |date = November 2005|work=[[Car and Driver]]
|quote=When I ask Bugatti development boss Wolfgang Schreiber to explain how the same engine can be rated at 1 SAE net horsepower at 6000 rpm for the U.S. but only 987 horsepower (1001 PS) for Europe, he laughs, saying, "The production engines are all putting out between 1020 and 1040 PS—enough to cover both promises."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://media.caranddriver.com/files/bugatti-veyron-164bugatti-veyron-spec-sheet.pdf |title=Bugatti Veyron 16.4 |work=Car and Driver |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418041404/http://media.caranddriver.com/files/bugatti-veyron-164bugatti-veyron-spec-sheet.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 }}</ref><ref name="enginespecs">{{cite web|url=http://bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/acceleration.html |publisher=Bugatti.com |title=2.5&nbsp;– 7.3&nbsp;– 16.7&nbsp;– 55.6}}</ref>

=== Top speed ===
German inspection officials recorded an average top speed of the original version at {{convert|408.47|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="speed">{{cite web|url=http://www.bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/speed.html |title=''400 and Beyond'' |publisher=bugatti.com |date=19 April 2005 |access-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902084715/http://www.bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/speed.html |archive-date=2 September 2011  }}</ref> during test sessions on Volkswagen Group's private [[Ehra-Lessien]] test track on 19 April 2005.

This top speed was almost matched by [[James May]] on ''[[Top Gear (current format)|Top Gear]]'' in November 2006, at the Ehra-Lessien test track, at {{convert|407.5|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="speed"/> May noted that at top speed the engine consumes {{convert|45000|L|impgal|abbr=on}} of air per minute (as much as a human breathes in four days). Back in the ''Top Gear'' studio, co-presenter [[Jeremy Clarkson]] commented that most sports cars felt like they were shaking apart at their top speed, and asked May if that was the case with the Veyron at {{convert|407|km/h|abbr=on}}. May responded that the Veyron was very controlled, and only wobbled slightly when the air brake deployed.<ref name="TGVeyron">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO0PgyPWE3o | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/LO0PgyPWE3o| archive-date=2021-11-02 | url-status=live|title= Top Gear : James May's Bugatti Veyron Top Speed Test – Top Gear – BBC autos |publisher=Top Gear |date=16 December 2008 |access-date=5 August 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In regular use, the ability to reach the above absolute top speed is locked out. The car's normal top speed is listed as {{convert|343|km/h|abbr=on}}. Also, when the car reaches {{convert|220|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, hydraulics lower the car until it has a ground clearance of about {{convert|9|cm|in|abbr=on}}. At the same time, the wing and spoiler deploy. In this ''handling mode'', the wing provides {{convert|3425|N|lbf|0|abbr=}} of downforce, holding the car to the road.<ref name="pop-sci-nov06-72.73"/>

To reach the car's absolute top speed, its ''top speed mode'' must be entered while the vehicle is at rest. For this, the driver must use a special top speed key in a keyhole to the left of their seat, which triggers a checklist to establish whether the car and its driver are ready to attempt to reach {{convert|407|km/h|abbr=on}}. If so, the rear spoiler retracts, the front air diffusers shut, and normal {{convert|12.5|cm|abbr=on}} ground clearance drops to {{convert|6.5|cm|abbr=on}}.

=== Braking ===
The Veyron's brakes use cross drilled, radially vented [[reinforced carbon-carbon#Similar products|carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide]] (C/SiC) composite discs, manufactured by [[SGL Carbon]], which have less [[brake fade]] and weigh less than standard cast iron discs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2016/wp29grrf/GRRF-81-05r1e.pdf|title=Driving Innovations for Sustainable Mobility|date=February 2016|website=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> The lightweight aluminium alloy monobloc brake calipers are made by [[AP Racing]]; the front have eight<ref name="pop-sci-nov06-72.73"/> [[titanium]] pistons and the rear calipers have six pistons. Bugatti claims maximum deceleration of 1.3&nbsp;[[g-force|g]] on road tyres. As an added safety feature, in the event of brake failure, an [[anti-lock braking system]] (ABS) has also been installed on the handbrake.

Prototypes have been subjected to repeated 1.0&nbsp;g braking from {{convert|312|km/h|abbr=on}} to {{convert|80|km/h|0|abbr=on}} without fade. With the car's acceleration from {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}} to {{convert|312|km/h|abbr=on}}, that test can be performed every 22&nbsp;seconds. At speeds above {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, the rear wing also acts as an [[air brake (aeronautics)|airbrake]], snapping to a 55° angle in 0.4&nbsp;seconds once brakes are applied, providing an additional 0.68&nbsp;g (6.66&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>) of deceleration (equivalent to the stopping power of an ordinary hatchback).<ref name="pop-sci-nov06-72.73"/> Bugatti claims the Veyron will brake from {{convert|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}} to a standstill in less than 10&nbsp;seconds, though distance covered in this time will be half a kilometre (third of a mile).<ref name="pop-sci-nov06-72.73"/>

=== Special editions ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Picture
!Release date
!Release price
!Notes
|-
|Bugatti 16.4 Veyron Pur Sang<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bugatti.com/veyron/bugatti-editions/pur-sang/|title=Pur Sang - Bugatti Editions - Models|website=www.bugatti.com|language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Bugatti Veyron Pur Sang - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (1).jpg|frameless]]
|September 2007
|
|5 units were made. The first Veyron to feature no paint, and instead use an exposed carbon fiber and aluminum finish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Bugatti |date=2023-10-12 |title=The intricate savoir-faire in carbon fiber at Bugatti – Bugatti Newsroom |url=https://newsroom.bugatti.com/en/press-releases/the-intricate-savoir-faire-in-carbon-fiber-at-bugatti |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=newsroom.bugatti.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Bugatti Veyron Fbg par Hermès<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bugatti.com/veyron/bugatti-editions/fbg-par-hermes/|title=FBG par Hermès - Bugatti Editions - Models|website=www.bugatti.com|language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Bugatti Veyron - BCN motorshow 2009.JPG|frameless]]
|March 2008
|{{euro|1.55 million}}, excluding taxes and transport<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2008/03/04/geneva-2008-bugatti-veyron-fbg-by-hermes-scepter-and-empire-no/|title=Geneva 2008: Bugatti Veyron Fbg by Hermes, scepter and empire not included|website=Autoblog|date=4 March 2008 |language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|Collaboration with French design house [[Hermès]], featuring a bull calfskin interior. This model was limited to four units. A Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport was later produced in the same configuration.
|-
|Bugatti 16.4 Veyron Sang Noir<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bugatti.com/veyron/bugatti-editions/sang-noir/|title=Sang Noir - Bugatti Editions - Models|website=www.bugatti.com|language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Coupé Sang Noir - Flickr - FaceMePLS.jpg|frameless]]
|May 2008
|
|12 units were made.
|-
|Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bugatti.com/veyron/bugatti-editions/bleu-centenaire/|title=Bleu Centenaire - Bugatti Editions - Models|website=www.bugatti.com|language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire - Flickr - David Villarreal Fernández (1) (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|March 2009
|
|1 unit was made.
|-
|Bugatti Veyron "Jean-Pierre Wimille"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bugatti.com/veyron/bugatti-editions/villa-deste/|title=Villa D'Este - Bugatti Editions - Models|website=www.bugatti.com|language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Bugatti Veyron Wimille - versione speciale (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|September 2009
|
|Named after French racing driver [[Jean-Pierre Wimille]] who was a factory driver for Bugatti in the 1930s.
|-
|Bugatti Veyron "Achille Varzi"
|
|September 2009
|
|Named after Italian racing driver [[Achille Varzi]] who raced for Bugatti in the early 1930s.
|-
|Bugatti Veyron "Malcolm Campbell"
|
|September 2009
|
|Named after British racing driver [[Malcolm Campbell]] who raced for Bugatti in the late 1920s.
|-
|Bugatti Veyron "Hermann zu Leiningen"
|[[File:Carspotters (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|September 2009
|
|Named after German racing driver Hermann zu Leiningen who raced for Bugatti in the early 1930s.
|}
{{clear}}