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Bulldozer
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=== Blade === [[File:Wintershall Monte Kali 01.jpg|thumb|Bulldozer with combination blade]] [[File:Komatsu bulldozer pushing coal in Power plant Ljubljana (winter 2017).jpg|thumb|Bulldozer pushing up to 7 m<sup>3</sup> with semi-U blade with large side wings]] Bulldozer blades come in three types: * straight ("S blade"), short with no lateral curve or side wings. Can be used for fine grading. * universal ("U blade"), tall and very curved, with large side wings to maximize load. * combination ("S-U", or semi-U), shorter, with less curvature and smaller side wings. It is typically used for pushing large rocks, as at a quarry. Blades can be fitted straight across the frame, or at an angle. All can be lifted, some, with additional hydraulic cylinders, can be tilted to vary the angle up to one side. Sometimes, a bulldozer is used to push or pull another piece of earth-moving equipment known as a "[[Wheel tractor-scraper|scraper]]" to increase productivity. The towed [[Fresno Scraper]], invented in 1883 by [[James Porteous]], was the first design to enable this to be done economically, removing the soil from an area being [[cut and fill|cut]] and depositing where needed as [[cut and fill|fill]]. Dozer blades with a reinforced center section for pushing are known as "bull blades". Dozer blades are added to [[combat engineering vehicle]]s and other military equipment, such as [[artillery tractor]]s such as the [[Hitachi Type 73|Type 73]] or [[M8 tractor]], to clear battlefield obstacles and prepare firing positions.<ref name="trewhitt">{{cite book |last=Trewhitt |first=Philip |title=Armoured Fighting Vehicles |year=1999 |publisher=Dempsey-Parr |isbn=1-84084-328-4}}</ref> Dozer blades may be mounted on [[main battle tank]]s to clear antitank obstacles or mines, and dig improvised shelters.
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