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Buttevant
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==History== [[Henry III of England]], by grant of 26 September 1234, conceded a market at Buttevant to David Og de Barry to be held on Sundays, and a fair on the vigil and day of [[St. Luke]] the Evangelist (17 October and 18 October), and on six subsequent days. This was done to further the economic prosperity of the borough and connected with a widespread network of such markets and fairs which indicate "an extensive network of commercial traffic and an important part of the infrastructure of the growing agrarian and mercantile economy". The most important markets and all fairs were associated with the major boroughs and can be used as a gauge of their economic and social significance as also the 1301 [[quo warranto]] proceedings in Cork at which [[John de Barry]] "claimed the basic baronial jurisdiction of [[gallows]], infangetheof, ''vetitia namia'' and fines for shedding blood (where 'Englishmen' were involved) in his manors of Buttevant, [[Castlelyons]], [[Rathbarry]] and [[Lislee]]".{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} The town of Buttevant accumulated a series of such grants over several centuries. Fairs and markets were held at Buttevant for cattle sheep and pigs on 23 January, 30 April, 27 May, 27 August and 21 November. Cattle and sheep fairs were held on 27 March, 14 October, 17 December. Pig markets were held on 11 July. Fairs falling on Saturdays were held on Mondays. Fridays were devoted to egg markets. Horse fairs were held on the Fourth Monday in October. [[Cahirmee Horse Fair]], the only surviving fair, is held on 12 July.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} The development of the settlement followed a pattern frequently repeated in the Norman colonies of North Cork and [[Limerick]]. The original nucleus of the town consisted of a keep situated on an elevation on the south side of the town. Opposite the keep, on a pre-Norman site, was built the parish church, dedicated to St. Brigit, sister of [[Colman of Cloyne|St. Colman]] of Cloyne. A mill, another characteristic element of Norman settlements, was located on the river, to the north of the keep. In addition, a hospice for lepers was established about a mile to the North East outside of the town wall. This basic structure was repeated in nearby [[Castletownroche]], where it is still clearly to be seen, in [[Glanworth]], [[Mallow, County Cork|Mallow]], and in [[Kilmallock]] and [[Adare]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} A further feature of Norman settlements in North Cork was their concomitant religious foundations. Early colonial sites, such as Buttevant and Castletownroche, saw the introduction of the more traditional monastic communities which were housed in foundations outside of the town walls. The [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] priories of [[Bridgetown]] (''ante'' 1216) and [[Ballybeg Priory|Ballybeg]] (1229) being respectively founded by the Roches and the de Barry contiguous to the settlements of Castletownroche and Buttevant. With the rise of the new [[mendicant orders]], essentially urban in character and mission, the Norman settlements saw the foundation of mendicant houses within the town walls as with the [[Franciscans]] in Buttevant (1251), and the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] in Kilmallock (1291) and Glanworth (c. 1300).{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} The [[burgage]] of Buttevant developed to the north of the keep and eventually increased in size to about {{convert|50|acre|m2}} enclosed by walls for which [[Murage]] grants had been made by the crown in 1317. The native inhabitants were excluded from residence within the walled area and confined to a quarter of their own to the north west of the walled town.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} A bridge, still extant, was built over the river [[Awbeg]] around 1250. In 1317, the 11th. of [[Edward II of England]], John fitz David de Barry requested and obtained from the [[exchequer]] a grant of Β£105 for the commonality and town of Buttevant for its walling. A further grant was made on 6 August 1375, the 49th. of Edward III, to the provost and commonality of the town together with the customs of its North Gate. The [[steeplechase (horse racing)|steeplechase]] originated in 1752 as a result of a horse race from the steeple of Buttevant Protestant church to that of [[Doneraile]], four miles (6 km) away.
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