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C-Group culture
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== Burial customs == Early [[Kerma]] [[Tumulus|tumuli]] were the chosen burial method for [[Nubians]], Pan-Graves, and the C-group culture. The C-group tumuli were graves built in a "stone circle" using the "dry stone masonry"<ref name=":0">Fisher, M. M., Lacovara, P., Ikram, S., & D'Auria, S. (Eds.). (2012). ''Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile''. American University in Cairo Press.</ref> technique with an offering chapel decorated with cattle illustrations. However, each culture differed in the structure of the tumuli. The Nubian's tumuli were a shallow round grave and included animal bones. Pan-Grave tumuli were constructed with large black stones and small white stones in an alternating pattern. The C-group culture was pastoral, with cattle being an essential part of their daily activities, funerary practices, and religion. Many "standing slabs"<ref name=":0" /> had illustrations of cattle and cattle horns with fine pottery found in the chapel. In prehistoric times, there had been little distinction between Egyptian and Nubian burial practices, as both were laid in a contracted position in shallow graves. However, as time continues, Nubian cultures continued the contracted body tradition. In contrast, in Egyptian culture, the deceased was placed in an extended position. As [[Egypt]] gained control of Kerma in the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]], Egyptian culture began to spread throughout [[Lower Nubia]]. The C-groups cultures now laid the deceased supine, shown throughout the Ancient Tekhet, [[Fadrus]] cemetery. In the [[Second Intermediate Period of Egypt|Second Intermediate Period]] of Egypt, group burials were favored, and this was a trend that was seen in C-group burials. Along with the previously beloved decorations relating to cattle are absent with nearly entirely Egyptian pottery and stone vessels.<ref name=":0" /> However, many of their tombs lacked Egyptian funerary goods.<ref name=":0" /> The lack of funerary goods could suggest that the C-group's adaptation to Egyptian culture was forced or those buried at Fadrus were simply of "low socioeconomic status."<ref name=":0" />
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