Editing C. R. Rao (section)

==Career==
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Rao first worked at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] and the [[Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge|Anthropological Museum]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. Later he held several important positions, as the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and National Professor in India, University Professor at the [[University of Pittsburgh]] and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics and Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at [[Pennsylvania State University]].<ref name="pnas_20240220">{{Cite journal |last=DasGupta |first=Anirban |date=2024-02-20 |title=C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 to 2023) |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124748933 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=121 |issue=9 |pages=e2321318121 |doi=10.1073/PNAS.2321318121 |pmid=38377193|pmc=10907269 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12121318D }}</ref>

As Head and later Director of the Research and Training School at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], India for a period of over 40 years, Rao developed research and training programs and produced several leaders in the field of Mathematics. On the basis of Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known as the Statistical Institute for Asia and Pacific, was established in Tokyo to provide training to statisticians working in government and industrial organisations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crraoaimscs.org/about-c-r-rao/profile/|title=Profile|publisher=C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science}}</ref>

Among his best-known discoveries are the [[Multivariate statistics|Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)]], Rao Distance<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25050283 | jstor=25050283 | title=Rao's Distance Measure | last1=Atkinson | first1=Colin | last2=Mitchell | first2=Ann F. S. | journal=Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A (1961-2002) | date=1981 | volume=43 | issue=3 | pages=345–365 }}</ref>, [[Score test|Rao's Score test]],<ref>{{cite arXiv | eprint=2406.19956 | last1=Bera | first1=Anil K. | last2=Bilias | first2=Yannis | title=Three Scores and 15 Years (1948-2023) of Rao's Score Test: A Brief History | date=2024 | class=econ.EM }}</ref> ''Rao's Quadratic Entropy'',  [[Cramér–Rao bound]] and the [[Rao–Blackwell theorem]] these are related to the quality of [[estimator]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Telugu-professors-do-homeland-proud/articleshow/6122644.cms|title=Telugu professors do homeland proud|date=3 July 2010|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> Majority of the publications were during his time period in [[Indian Statistical Institute]] in 60 years of his career. Other areas he worked in include [[multivariate analysis]], [[estimation theory]], and [[differential geometry]]. His other contributions include the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, and orthogonal arrays. He was the author of 15 books<ref name="pnas_20240220"/> and authored over 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities in 19 countries around the world and numerous awards and medals for his contributions to statistics and science. He was a member of eight National Academies in India, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy. Rao was awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Santhi Swarup Bhatnagar Award]] in 1963 and followed by [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1968. Rao was awarded the United States [[National Medal of Science]], that nation's highest award for lifetime achievement in fields of scientific research, in June 2002. He was given the [[India Science Award]] in 2010, the highest honour conferred by the government of India in a scientific domain. He was most recently honoured with his 38th honorary doctorate by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions to the foundations of modern statistics through the introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao measure, and for introducing the idea of orthogonal arrays for the industry to design high-quality products."

Rao was the President of the [[International Statistical Institute]], Institute of Mathematical Statistics (USA), and the [[International Biometric Society]]. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame of India's National Institution for Quality and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for his contribution to industrial statistics and the promotion of quality control programs in industries.

The ''Journal of Quantitative Economics'' published a special issue in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr. Rao is a very distinguished scientist and a highly eminent statistician of our time. His contributions to statistical theory and applications are well known, and many of his results, which bear his name, are included in the curriculum of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over the world. He was an inspiring teacher and has guided the research work of numerous students in all areas of statistics. His early work had greatly influenced the course of statistical research during the last four decades. One of the purposes of this special issue is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics and acknowledge his major role in the
development of econometric research in India."

===Areas of research contributions===
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* [[Estimation theory]]
* [[Statistical inference]] and [[linear model]]s
* [[Multivariate analysis]]
* [[Combinatorial design]]
* [[Orthogonal array]]s
* [[Biometry]]
* [[Statistical genetics]]
* [[Generalized inverse|Generalized matrix inverse]]s
* [[Functional equations]]
{{div col end}}