Editing C. S. Holling (section)

== Work ==
Throughout his research, C. S. Holling blended [[systems theory]] and [[ecology]] with simulation modeling and policy analysis to develop integrative theories of change that have practical utility. He has introduced important ideas in the application of ecology and evolution, including [[Resilience (ecology)|resilience]], [[adaptive management]], the [[adaptive cycle]], and [[panarchy (ecology)|panarchy]].

His early work included major contributions to population and behavioural ecology. Later, he was among the first ecologists to recognize the importance of nonlinear dynamics. This early work on predation led to a series of papers, including his 1959 Citation Classic paper in the Canadian Entomologist, in which he developed the notion of [[functional response]] (the relationship between prey density and the rate at which prey is eaten), an idea that continues to be a linchpin of modern population ecology.

His 1973 paper on the [[Resilience (ecology)|resilience]] of ecological systems had a substantial impact within ecology and other natural and social sciences. He has also contributed important ideas to ecological management, including [[Adaptive management]] and the Adaptive Cycle. More recently his work on the cross-scale structure and dynamics of ecosystems has been highly influential. This work resulted in the 2002 book ''Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems''.

His work is frequently cited in the fields of ecology, [[environmental management]], [[ecological economics]] and the human dimensions of global change.