Editing CSNET (section)

==Components==
The CSNET project had three primary components: an email relaying service (Delaware and RAND), a name service (Wisconsin), and [[TCP/IP]]-over-[[X.25]] tunnelling technology (Purdue). Initial access was with email relaying, through gateways at Delaware and RAND, over dial-up telephone or X.29/X.25 terminal emulation. Eventually  CSNET access added TCP/IP, including running over X.25.<ref>{{Cite journal |title= Implementation of Dial-up IP for UNIX Systems|author1= Craig Partridge |author2= Leo Lanzillo|journal=Proceedings of the 1989 Winter USENIX Technical Conference |date= Feb 1989}}</ref>

The email relaying service was called Phonenet, after the telephone-specific channel of the [[MMDF]] software developed by Crocker. The CSNET [[name service]] allowed manual and automated email address lookup based on various user attributes, such as name, title, or institution.<ref>{{Cite book |author1= Larry Landweber |author2= Michael Litzkow |author3= D. Neuhengen |author4= Marvin Solomon |title= Proceedings of the symposium on Communications Architectures & Protocols - COMM '83 |chapter= Architecture of the CSNET name server |publisher= [[SIGCOMM]], [[Association for Computing Machinery]] |date= April 1983  |volume=13 |number=2 |page= 146 |doi= 10.1145/1035237.1035268 |isbn= 978-0-89791-089-7 |s2cid= 9006661 }}</ref> The X.25 tunneling allowed an institution to connect directly to the ARPANET via a commercial X.25 service ([[Telenet]]), by which the institution's TCP/IP traffic would be tunneled to a CSNET computer that acted as a relay between the ARPANET and the commercial X.25 networks. CSNET also developed dialup-on-demand (Dialup IP) software to automatically initiate or disconnect [[Serial Line Internet Protocol|SLIP]] sessions as needed to remote locations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dialup IP release|url=http://megalextoria.com/usenet-archive/news133f1/b197/comp/dcom/modems/00007952.html|publisher=BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge MA|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref> CSNET was developed on [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) [[VAX-11]] systems using BSD Unix, but it grew to support a variety of hardware and [[operating system]] platforms.