Editing Cagot (section)

=== Etymology ===

The origins of both the term {{lang|fr|Cagots}} (and {{lang|es|Agotes}}, {{lang|oc|Capots}}, {{lang|fr|Caqueux}}, etc.) and the Cagots themselves are uncertain.
It has been suggested that they were descendants of the [[Visigoths]]{{sfnp|Hansson|1996}}<ref name="Viterbo, 1856">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_l9LAAAAcAAJ |title=Elucidário das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antigamente se usaram e que hoje regularmente se ignoram |language=pt |trans-title=Elucidation of the words, terms and phrases that were used in Portugal in the past and that today are regularly ignored |volume=1 |last=Viterbo |first=Joaquim de Santa Rosa de |author-link=:pt:Joaquim de Santa Rosa de Viterbo |publisher=A. J. Fernandes Lopes |date=1856 |location=Lisbon |page=64 |quote=Certas Famílias em os Reinos de Aragão, e Navarra, e Principado de Bearne, descendentes dos Godos, que sem mais culpa, que tyrannizarem os seus Maiores antigamente aquellas Provincias, são tratados com o maior desprezo, e abatimento, assim nas materias civís, como de Religião: e até dizem delles, que nascem com rabo. |trans-quote=Certain Families in the Kingdoms of Aragon and Navarre, and the Principality of Bearne, descendants of the Goths, who without more guilt than their leaders formerly tyrannizing those Provinces, are treated with the greatest contempt and abasement, in civil matters as well as in Religion: and they even say that they are born with tails. |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
defeated by [[Clovis I]] at the [[Battle of Vouillé]],{{r|Garat}}<ref name="von Zach - Frage 4">{{harvp|von Zach|1798|pp=522–523|ps=: "{{lang|de|4) Welches wäre nun dasjenige Volk, welches nach seiner Unterjochung nur in diesen Elenden vorhande wäre? In keinem stücke sind die Meinungen der Schriftsteller so-sehr getheilt.
Einige halten sie für die Abkömmlinge der von den Römern und späterhin von den Franken unterjochen ersten Bewohner - der Gallier.
Court de Gebelin in seinem Monde primitif wählt die Alanen und führt die Schlacht vom Jahr 463 an, in welcher diese mit den Visigothen überwunden wurden.
Marca betrachtet sie als Überreste der von Carl Martel unter Anführung des Abdalrahman besiegten Sarazanen.
Ramond in seiner Reise nach den Pyrenäen leitet sie von den Arianisch gesinnten Völkern ab, welcher unter dem Clodoveus im Jahr 507 bey Vouglé (in Campo oder Campania Vocladensi) unter der Anführung Alarichs zehn Meilen von Poitiers geschlagen, zerstreut, misshandelt, und von den Bewohnern der Loire und der Sévre mit gleicher Erbitterung und Verachtung gegen die Mündungen dieser beyden Flüsse getrieben wurden.
Wer hier Recht hat, muss erst in der Folge entschieden, und ehe diess geschehen kann, die Sache noch genauer untersucht werden.}}"
["4) ''What would that people be, which after its subjugation would be present only in these miserable ones?''
In no way are the opinions of the writers so divided.
Some consider them to be the descendants of the first inhabitants conquered by the Romans and later by the Franks - ''the Gauls''.
''[[Antoine Court de Gébelin|Court de Gebelin]]'' in his {{lang|fr|Monde primitif}} chooses the ''[[Alans]]'' and cites the [[Battle of Orleans (463)|battle of 463]], in which they were defeated with the Visigoths.
''[[Pierre de Marca|Marca]]'' regards them as the remains of the ''[[Saracens|Sarazans]]'' defeated by ''[[Charles Martel|Carl Martel]]'' led by the ''[[Abd al-Rahman I|Abdalrahman]]''.
''[[Louis Ramond de Carbonnières|Ramond]]'' in his ''Journey to the Pyrenees'' derives them from the Arian-minded peoples who, under the ''[[Clovis I|Clodoveus]]'' in the year 507 at ''[[Vouillé, Vienne|Vouglé]]'' (''in Campo'' or ''Campania Vocladensi'') under the leadership of ''[[Alaric II|Alaric]]'', beaten, scattered, abused ten miles from ''[[Poitiers]]'', and treated with equal bitterness and contempt by the inhabitants of the ''[[Loire]]'' and the ''[[Sèvre Niortaise|Sévre]]'' the mouths of these two rivers were driven.
Who is right here must first be decided later, and before this can happen, the matter must be examined more closely."]}}</ref>
and that the name {{lang|fr|Cagot}} derives from {{lang|pro|caas}} ("dog") and the [[Old Occitan]] for [[Goths|Goth]] {{lang|pro|gòt}} around the [[6th century]].<ref>{{harvp|Michel|1847|pp=21–22, 284}}; {{harvp|Álvarez|2019}}; {{harvp|Erroll|1899}}; {{harvp|Delacampagne|1983|p=125–127}}; {{harvp|Donkin|Diez|1864|p=107|ps=: "called {{lang|la|canes Gothi}}, ''cagots'' (Pr. {{lang|oc|câ}} a dog, and {{lang|oc|Got}} = Goth)."}}; {{harvp|von Zach|1798|p=520|ps=: "{{lang|de|Die erste und natürlichste Frage entsteht über den Namen.
Woher die sonderbare Benennung Cagot?
Scaliger's Meinung, welcher sie von Caas Goth, Canis Gothus ableitet, scheint ihren Gothischen Ursprung, welcher doch erst bewiesen werden sollte, als ausgemacht voraus zu setzen, auch scheint diese Ableitung zu künstlich und erzwungen zu seyn.}}"
["The first and most natural question arises about the name.
''Where did the strange name Cagot come from?''
[[Joseph Justus Scaliger|Scaliger's]] opinion, deriving it from {{lang|pro|Caas}} ''Goth'', {{lang|la|Canis Gothus}}, seems to take for granted its Gothic origin, which has yet to be proved, and this derivation seems too artificial and forced."]}}</ref>
Yet in opposition to this etymology is the fact that the word {{lang|fr|cagot}} is first found in this form in 1542 in the works of [[François Rabelais]].{{sfnp|Demonet|2021|pp=403–413}}
Seventeenth century French historian [[Pierre de Marca]], in his {{lang|fr|Histoire de Béarn}}, propounds the reverse – that the word signifies "hunters of the Goths", and that the Cagots were descendants of the [[Saracen]]s{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=947}}{{sfnp|Hansson|1996}} and [[Moors]]{{r|Fayanás Escuer, 2018}} of [[Al-Andalus]] (or even [[Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain|Jews]]){{sfnp|British Medical Journal|1912}}{{sfnp|Heng|2022|p=31–32}} after their defeat by [[Charles Martel]],<ref>{{cite book |first=Claude |last=Larronde |author-link=:es:Jean-Claude Larronde |title=Vic-Bigorre et son patrimoine |language=fr |trans-title=Vic-Bigorre and its heritage |date=1998 |publisher=Société académique des Hautes-Pyrénées |quote=Il s'agit de descendants de Sarrasins qui restèrent en Gascogne après que Charles Martel eut défait Abdel-Rahman. Ils se convertirent et devinrent chrétiens. |trans-quote=They are descendants of Saracens who remained in Gascony after Charles Martel had defeated Abdel-Rahman. They converted and became Christians.}}</ref>{{sfnp|Álvarez|2019}}{{r|von Zach - Frage 4}}
although this proposal was comprehensively refuted by the [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]] of [[Livorno]], Abbot {{ill|Filippo Venuti|it|Filippo Venuti (archeologo)}} as early as 1754.{{sfnp|Hawkins|2014|p=37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Dissertations sur les anciens monumens de la ville de Bordeaux, sur les Gahets, les antiquités, et les ducs d'Aquitaine avec un traité historique sur les monoyes que les anglais ont frappées dans cette province, etc. |language=fr |trans-title=Dissertations on the ancient monuments of the city of Bordeaux, on the Gahets (Cagots), antiquities, and the Dukes of Aquitaine with a historical treatise on the monoyes that the English struck in this province, etc. |first=Filippo |last=Venuti |author-link=:it:Filippo Venuti (archeologo) |date=1754 |location=Bordeaux |url=https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/Tei-Viewer/cgi-bin/teiviewer.php?manifest=BOOK-ZID1360881 |via=[[University of Cologne]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129213401/https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/Tei-Viewer/cgi-bin/teiviewer.php?manifest=BOOK-ZID1360881 |archive-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
[[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] derives the term cagot from the Latin {{lang|la|caco-deus}}, {{lang|la|caco}} meaning "false, bad, deceitful", and {{lang|la|deus}} meaning "god", due to a belief that Cagots were descended from the [[Alans]] and followed [[Arianism]].{{sfnp|Gébelin|1842|pp=1182–1183}}{{r|von Zach - Frage 4}}