Editing Callander (section)

== Toponym ==
The name ''Callander'' was first recorded, perhaps erroneously, as ''Callander'' in 1238,<ref name="McNiven">{{cite thesis | type=PhD | last=McNiven | first=Peter E. | date=2011 | title=Gaelic place-names and the social history of Gaelic speakers in Medieval Menteith | publisher=University of Glasgow | url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2685/1/2011mcnivenphd.pdf}}</ref> and ''Kallandrech'' in 1438,<ref name="McNiven" /> and the etymology is uncertain. [[William J. Watson|William J Watson]] had the derivation as [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] ''Calasraid'', meaning "harbour-street" or "ferry-street" in 1913.<ref name="McNiven" /> By 1926, Watson stated "Callander on Teith…is a transferred name from [[Callendar House|Callander]] near [[Falkirk]]",<ref name="McNiven" /> and indeed, it is probable that from at least the 16th century, ''Callander'' was influenced by that spelling.<ref name="McNiven" /> Early forms with ''Calen-'' may relate to the original name of the estate, which may have straddled the Teith.<ref name="McNiven" /> ''Calendrate'' may have been a subdivision of this estate, and the ''sraid'' element may relate to a [[Roman road]].<ref name="McNiven" />  Some of the early forms contain ''–drate'', which might be Gaelic ''drochaid'' "bridge".<ref name="McNiven" />

''Calender'' may also be of [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] origin,<ref name="D. Mills, 2011">A. D. Mills, ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), s.v.</ref><ref name="BLITON">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan G. |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence - Guide to the Elements |url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |website=Scottish Place Name Society - The Brittonic Language in the Old North |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> and derived from ''*caleto-dubro-'' ([[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''caled-dŵr''), meaning "hard-water".<ref name="D. Mills, 2011" />  The ''-n-'' in the name ''Callander'' is intrusive.<ref name="BLITON" /> It may originally have been a [[Hydronym|river-name]], perhaps that of the present River Teith.<ref name="D. Mills, 2011" /> A name of the ''Calder'' type,<ref name="BLITON" /> Callander may share an etymology with the [[Clunie Water|Callater Burn]] in [[Aberdeenshire]],<ref name="D. Mills, 2011" /> as well as the English names [[Calder, West Yorkshire|Calder]] in [[West Yorkshire]],<ref name="BLITON" /> and [[Kielder]] in [[Northumberland]].<ref name="BLITON" />