Editing Callistemon (section)

==Taxonomy==
The Latin name ''Callistemon'' comes from the combination of 2 [[Greek language|Greek]] words of 'callis' meaning beauty and 'stemon' meaning stamen, referring to the flowers of the plant.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Ian |title=Bottlebrush Tree Spiritual Meaning |url=https://thriveonnews.com/australias-bottle-brush-tree/ |website=Thrive On News Spiritual Magazine |access-date=25 May 2020 |language=en-AU |date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920021031/https://thriveonnews.com/australias-bottle-brush-tree/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The genus ''Callistemon'' was first formally described in 1814 by [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]].<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Callistemon'' R.Br.'|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/521774|publisher=APNI|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref><ref>Brown, Robert (1841) [[General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis]].  Appendix III (pp. 537-612) in Flinders, ''A Voyage to Terra Australis'', Volume II; London: G. and W. Nicol, 1841. Also pp. 1–89 in Bennett, John Joseph (ed.) ''The Botanical works of Robert Brown''; London: Robert Hardwick for The Ray Society, 1866.  ''Callistemon'' is defined on p. 547 of Flinders [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188245#page/575/] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107379#page/25/] and p. 19 of Bennett [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Miscellaneousbot01brow.djvu/37].</ref> In his description he noted that the genus includes “those species of ''[[Metrosideros]]'' that have inflorescence similar to that of ''Melaleuca'', and distinct elongated filaments.”<ref name="APNI" /> [[Carl Linnaeus]] had described the genus ''[[Melaleuca]]'' in 1767<ref name=APNI(2)>{{cite web|title=''Melaleuca'' R.Br.'|url=  https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/582624|publisher=APNI|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> and in 1867, [[George Bentham]] brought all the ''Metrosideros'' species into ''Melaleuca''. Bentham described melaleucas as having stamens united in bundles opposite the (five) petals.<ref name=Bentham>{{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=George |last2=von Mueller|first2=Ferdinand |author-link2=Ferdinand von Mueller |title=Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae|date=1866|volume=3 |publisher=Lovell, Reeve and Co.|location=London|pages=123–163|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41807#page/3/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>

In his 1864 description of ''[[Callistemon salignus]]'' in ''[[Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae]]'', [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] noted that the difference between the genera was “entirely artificial” (“omnino artificiale").<ref name=Mueller>{{cite book|last1=von Mueller|first1=Ferdinand |author-link1=Ferdinand von Mueller |title=Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae |date=1864|volume=4 |location=Melbourne|page=55|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7221#page/57/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> George Bentham also noted in ''[[Flora Australiensis]]'' that ''Callistemon'' “passes gradually into ''Melaleuca'', with which F. Mueller proposes to unite it.”<ref name=Bentham(2)>{{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=George |last2=von Mueller |first2=Ferdinand |author-link2=Ferdinand von Mueller |title=Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae|date=1866|volume=3 |publisher=Lovell, Reeve and Co.|location=London|page=55|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41807#page/126/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> In 1876, [[Henri Ernest Baillon]] proposed in ''Histoire des Plantes'' that ''Callistemon'', as well as ''[[Calothamnus]]'' and ''[[Lamarchea]]'' be merged into ''Melaleuca''.<ref name=Baillon>{{cite book|last1=Baillon|first1=Henri Ernest|title=Histoires des Plantes|date=1876|volume=6 |publisher=Libraire Hachette & Co.|location=Paris|pages=359–360|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94878#page/362/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>

Nevertheless, most authors had preserved the distinction between the two genera ''Callistemon'' and ''Melaleuca'' until 1998. In that year, in recognition of the fact that the callistemons and melaleucas on [[New Caledonia]] were clearly related, [[Lyndley Craven]] and [[John Dawson (botanist)|J.W. Dawson]] transferred the callistemons on that island to ''Melaleuca'', even though some (e.g. ''[[Melaleuca pancheri]]'') do not have stamens fused in 5 groups.<ref name="Brophy" />

On the basis of [[DNA]] evidence,<ref name=Edwards>{{cite Q|Q42308207}}</ref> in 2006<ref name=Craven(1)>{{cite journal|last1=Craven|first1=Lyn A.|title=New combinations in ''Melaleuca'' for Australian species of ''Callistemon'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Novon|date=2006|volume=16|issue=4|pages=468–478|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11160106#page/482/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015|doi=10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[468:ncimfa]2.0.co;2|s2cid=84723155 }}</ref> and 2009<ref name=Craven(2)>{{cite journal|last1=Craven|first1=Lyn A.|title=Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) from Australia|journal=Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature|date=10 December 2009|volume=19|issue=4|pages=444–453|doi=10.3417/2007137|s2cid=84165613|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40330691#page/452/mode/1up|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> Craven moved all but four callistemons to melaleuca. Those four were ''[[Callistemon forresterae]]'', ''[[Callistemon genofluvialis]]'', ''[[Callistemon kenmorrisonii]]'' and ''[[Callistemon nyallingensis]]'' which were regarded as being hybrids.<ref name=Brophy>{{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517|page=18|url=http://aciar.gov.au/files/mn156-prelims_1.pdf|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528213958/http://aciar.gov.au/files/mn156-prelims_1.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The new description of ''Melaleuca'' has been accepted by some herbaria but not all. For example, the Queensland Herbarium accepts ''[[Melaleuca flammea]]'' (synonym ''Callistemon acuminatus'')<ref name=Queensland>{{cite web|title=Species profile—Melaleuca flammea| date=20 October 2014 |url=https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=35653|publisher=Queensland Government|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>  but the New South Wales Herbarium accepts ''Callistemon acuminatus''.<ref name=RBGS>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Roger David|last2=Lumley|first2=Peter F.|title=''Callistemon acuminatus'' Cheel|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Callistemon~acuminatus|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> In 2012, Frank Udovicic and Roger Spencer transferred the newly described species of melaleuca with separate stamens (e.g. ''[[Melaleuca megalongensis]]'' and ''[[Melaleuca wimmerensis]]'') to ''Callistemon'' (hence ''Callistemon megalongensis'' and ''Callistemon wimmerensis''). Their argument is that using the DNA evidence is premature.<ref name=Brown>{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Gillian K.|last2=Udovicic|first2=Frank|last3=Ladiges|first3=Pauline Y.|title=Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Melaleuca, Callistemon and related genera (Myrtaceae)|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|date=2001|volume=14|issue=4|pages=565–585|doi=10.1071/SB00029}}<!--|accessdate=22 July 2015--></ref> They further argue that if all the genera ''[[Beaufortia (plant)|Beaufortia]]'', ''Callistemon'', ''[[Calothamnus]]'', ''[[Conothamnus]]'', ''[[Eremaea (plant)|Eremaea]]'', ''Melaleuca'', ''[[Phymatocarpus]]'' were combined (as Craven has suggested),<ref name=Cowley>{{cite journal|last1=Craven|first1=Lyn A.|last2=Edwards|first2=Robert D.|last3=Cowley|first3=Kirsten J.|title=New combinations and names in ''Melaleuca'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Taxon|date=30 June 2014|volume=63|issue=3|pages=663–670|doi=10.12705/633.38|doi-access=free}}</ref> then there would be no characteristics that would define the group.<ref name="Muelleria">{{cite journal |last1=Udovicic |first1=Frank |last2=Spencer |first2=Roger D. |title=New combinations in ''Callistemon'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Muelleria |date=2012 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=23–25 |doi=10.5962/p.292240 |s2cid=251007557 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59605029#page/25/mode/1up |access-date=29 September 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>