Editing Caloundra (section)

== History ==
Caloundra lies within the [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Aboriginal]] [[Gubbi Gubbi language|Gubbi Gubbi]] (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) language region.<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/13|title=Gubbi Gubbi|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> The name ''Caloundra'' is from the Gubbi Gubbi language ''Cullowundoor'' with ''Kal Owen'' meaning 'beech tree' (''[[Gmelina leichhardtii]]'') and ''Dha'' meaning 'place'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite QPN|5784|Caloundra|town in Sunshine Coast Region|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>

Caloundra Head was previously known as Petrie Point and Point Wickham (or Wickham Point). Point Wickham takes its name from [[John Clements Wickham]], who did a hydrographic survey of the northern section of Moreton Bay in 1846 and was later the Government Resident of Moreton Bay from 1853 to 1859.<ref>{{Cite QPN|5786|Caloundra Head|cape in the Sunshine Coast Region|access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref> Point Wickham was in use by 1860, where it was noted on official maps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sketch to illustrate Sir George Bowen's Official Tour in March 1860 |url=https://gisservices.information.qld.gov.au/arcgis/rest/directories/historicalscans/cad_scans/cad-map-misc-map-bowen-tour-1860.jpg |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Queensland Government Open Data Portal |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827023623/https://gisservices.information.qld.gov.au/arcgis/rest/directories/historicalscans/cad_scans/cad-map-misc-map-bowen-tour-1860.jpg |url-status=live }}</ref> In an 1892 map it is named "Caloundra Head (Wickham Point)"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wickham Point|url=http://www.sunshinecoastplaces.com.au/caloundra/kings-beach/wickham-point-the-wishing-tree|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-18|website=Sunshine Coast Places|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401103320/http://www.sunshinecoastplaces.com.au/caloundra/kings-beach/wickham-point-the-wishing-tree |archive-date=1 April 2015 }}</ref> and at some time later the use of Caloundra Head became dominant and the use of the name Point Wickham seems to have discontinued.<ref>Queensland Surveyor General's Map of The Catchment Areas of Brisbane River and the Logan and Albert Rivers, July 1893</ref>

In 1875, [[Robert Bulcock]], an English immigrant who founded a Brisbane newspaper and later represented the Brisbane electorate of [[Electoral district of Enoggera|Enoggera]] in the [[Legislative Assembly of Queensland]] from 1885 until 1888, bought {{convert|277|acre|km2}} of land in the region.<ref name=salt09>{{cite web|url=http://www.saltmagazine.com.au/articles_features_bulcock-beach-caloundra-sunshine-coast.aspx|title=Bulcock Beach's Rich History|publisher=Salt Magazine|date=Spring 2009|access-date=21 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620002725/http://www.saltmagazine.com.au/articles_features_bulcock-beach-caloundra-sunshine-coast.aspx|archive-date=20 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> A town was surveyed in the 1870s, and land sales commenced in 1883. The first allotments of land in Caloundra were advertised for public auction on 28 August 1883. The map states 'the land is of a sandstone nature, undulating and ridgy, heavily timbered with Gum, Bloodwood, Tea-tree and Oak'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Town of Caloundra|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/f/1c7c5vg/slq_alma21135184210002061|date=28 August 1883|website=State Library of Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005437/https://login.slq.qld.gov.au/pds?func=sso&calling_system=primo&institute=SLQ&lang=eng&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%3A80%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2FpdsLogin%3FtargetURL%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fprimo-explore%2Ffulldisplay%3Fdocid%3Dslq_alma21135184210002061%26vid%3DSLQ%26lang%3Den_US%26context%3DL%26isIframeSSO%3Dtrue%26from-new-ui%3D1%26authenticationProfile%3DProfile%2B1|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> A 1907 map shows several sections from George Street to Ernest St advertised for auction on 7 January 1907 by the Government Land Office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plan of allotments in sections 4, 10, 11 & 12, town of Caloundra, and allotments in suburban sections 5, 6, 8, 9, 2a, 5a to 7a and 9a, Parish of Bribie (Caloundra)|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/f/1c7c5vg/slq_alma21124298360002061|date=7 January 1907|website=State Library of Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005442/http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=slq_alma21124298360002061&vid=SLQ&lang=en_US&context=L|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

With its proximity to beaches, the area became popular with tourists and a number of hotels and guest houses were set up to accommodate them.<ref name="qpc">{{cite web|url=http://queenslandplaces.com.au/caloundra|title=Queensland Places: Caloundra|author=University of Queensland|year=2011|access-date=21 June 2011|author-link=University of Queensland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706111547/http://www.queenslandplaces.com.au/caloundra|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Real estate map of Bulcock Estate, Caloundra, 1917 (25793073054).jpg|thumb|Real estate subdivision of Bulcock Beach, 1917]]
In 1917, Bulcock's son, Robert Bulcock Jr, who was a councillor in the [[City of Caloundra|Shire of Landsborough]], subdivided part of the land into 404 lots. This area became known as Bulcock Beach.<ref name=salt09/> 404 allotments of 'Bulcock Estate' were advertised for auction on 16 August 1917 by Isle, Love and Co, auctioneers, with an edge of the Estate mapped as adjacent to Tripcony's store and the Tramway terminus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bulcock Estate|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/f/1c7c5vg/slq_alma21104970350002061|date=1917|website=State Library of Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005422/http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=slq_alma21104970350002061&vid=SLQ&lang=en_US&context=L|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=21 July 1917|title=The Bulcock Estate.|page=12|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20165780|access-date=22 May 2020|via=Trove|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005446/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20165780|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 August 1917|title=Bulcock Estate, Caloundra.|page=8|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20152091|access-date=22 May 2020|via=Trove|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005423/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20152091|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1919, 29 subdivided allotments of 'Caloundra Heads Estate' were advertised to be auctioned on 20 December 1919 by Cameron Bros. in Brisbane. A map advertising the auction shows the majority of blocks were on Albert Street between King Street and Kings Beach.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caloundra Heads Estate|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/f/1c7c5vg/slq_alma21189553360002061|date=20 December 1919|website=State Library of Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005440/https://login.slq.qld.gov.au/pds?func=sso&calling_system=primo&institute=SLQ&lang=eng&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%3A80%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2FpdsLogin%3FtargetURL%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fprimo-explore%2Ffulldisplay%3Fdocid%3Dslq_alma21189553360002061%26vid%3DSLQ%26lang%3Den_US%26context%3DL%26isIframeSSO%3Dtrue%26from-new-ui%3D1%26authenticationProfile%3DProfile%2B1|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 1919|title=Advertising|page=10|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20398036|access-date=20 May 2020|via=Trove|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005501/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20398036|url-status=live}}</ref> Another undated map shows more blocks of this estate were advertised for auction on King Street towards Ernest Street.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caloundra Heads Estate : second section|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/f/1c7c5vg/slq_alma21189735000002061|website=State Library of Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005423/http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=slq_alma21189735000002061&vid=SLQ&lang=en_US&context=L|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

On Saturday 29 December 1934, Caloundra Methodist Church was opened and dedicated by the President of the Methodist State Conference, C. C. Truman. It was the first church in Caloundra.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 December 1934|title=Caloundra Church Dedicated|page=15|newspaper=[[Truth (Brisbane newspaper)|Truth]]|issue=1814|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203198044|access-date=25 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005440/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/203198044|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Caloundra branch of the [[Queensland Country Women's Association]] was established in July 1937.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77861050|title=C.W.A. Branch Formed at Caloundra.|date=30 July 1937|newspaper=[[Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser]]|access-date=1 January 2019|issue=1730|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=XXXII|page=5|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914000146/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/77861050|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184561391|title=MALENY|date=13 August 1937|newspaper=[[Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=1 January 2019|location=Brisbane|page=17 (City Final Last Minute News)|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914000138/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/184561391|url-status=live}}</ref>

St Andrew's Anglican Church was dedicated on Sunday 22 January 1939 by [[Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane|Archbishop]] [[William Wand]]. The construction of the church had been strongly encouraged by Wand who holidayed at Caloundra with his friend [[Queensland Governor]] [[Leslie Wilson (politician)|Leslie Wilson]]. The Governor also attended the church's dedication.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 January 1939|title=Dedication of Church at Caloundra|page=3 (City Final Last Minute News)|newspaper=[[Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]]|location=Brisbane|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184547091|url-status=live|access-date=25 September 2020|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005442/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/184547091}}</ref> On 10 December 1966 the foundation stone of the new church was laid Archbishop [[Philip Strong]], who opened and dedicated the new church on 8 December 1967. The new church was consecrated in 1974.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Year Book|url=https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Year-Book-Volume-II-Feb-2020.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915033326/https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Year-Book-Volume-II-Feb-2020.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2020|access-date=15 September 2020|publisher=[[Anglican Archdiocese of Brisbane]]|page=137|volume=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parish profile|url=https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Caloundra-Glasshouse-Parish-Profile-May-2020.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924233533/https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Caloundra-Glasshouse-Parish-Profile-May-2020.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2020|access-date=25 September 2020|website=The Anglican Parish of Caloundra-Glasshouse Country|page=3}}</ref>

The first female councillor was Miriam Westaway, who represented Division 5 from 29 April 1961 to 30 March 1973. She was one of the first teachers at Caloundra State School. She was active in community groups such as the [[Returned and Services League of Australia|RSL Women's Auxiliary]] and a founder of the Caloundra Branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association and the local branch of the [[Red Cross]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/191354656|title=Landsborough Shire Councillor Miriam Westaway, ca 1965|author1=Unknown|date=2012|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914000140/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/191354656|url-status=live}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], the area became key to Australian defence due to defensive positions along the beaches. Radar stations and machine gun pits were mounted, and Australian and US armed forces came to the area. From the early 1950s onwards, Caloundra experienced a boom in development and population, and by 1968, it had come to dominate the Shire of Landsborough so completely that the council chambers were relocated to Caloundra.<ref name=qpc/>

The Caloundra Library opened in 1986 with a major refurbishment in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17|url=http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|date=November 2017|website=Public Libraries Connect|publisher=[[State Library of Queensland]]|page=15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130022546/http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2018|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>

{{multiple image|align=center|total_width=515|image1=StateLibQld_1_101572.jpg|image2 =Caloundra_on_the_Sunshine_Coast_postcard_promoting_the_wonderful_seaside_town,_ca_1950.jpg|footer=Caloundra in the 1930s and 1950s|footer_align=center}}