Editing Calvary (section)

==Location==
There is no consensus as to the location of the site. [[Gospel of John|John]] {{Bibleverse-nb|John|19:20|KJV}} describes the crucifixion site as being "near the city". According to [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] {{Bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|13:12|KJV}}, it was  "outside the city gate". {{bibleverse|Matthew|27:39|KJV}} and {{bibleverse|Mark|15:29|KJV}} both note that the location would have been accessible to "passers-by". Thus, locating the crucifixion site involves identifying a site that, in the city of Jerusalem some four decades before [[Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)|its destruction]] in AD{{nbsp}}70, would have been outside a major gate near enough to the city that the passers-by could not only see him, but also read the inscription 'Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews'.<ref>{{bibleverse||John|19:20|KJV}}</ref>

===Church of the Holy Sepulchre===
Christian tradition since the fourth century has favoured a location now within the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. This places it well within today's [[walls of Jerusalem]], which surround the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]] and were rebuilt in the 16th century by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Proponents of the traditional Holy Sepulchre location point to the fact that first-century Jerusalem had a different shape and size from the 16th-century city, leaving the church's site outside the pre-AD 70 city walls.<ref name="Vieweger">{{cite book |title=Archäologie in Jerusalem: Die Ausgrabungen des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes zwischen 2009 und 2023 |last=Vieweger |first=Dieter |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |year=2024 |isbn=978-3-11-149866-9 |pages=53–54 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1wpEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53}}</ref>

Defenders of the traditional site have argued that the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was only brought within the city limits by [[Herod Agrippa]] (41–44), who built the so-called Third Wall around a newly settled northern district, while at the time of Jesus' crucifixion around AD 30 it would still have been just outside the city.<ref name="Vieweger" />

[[Henry Chadwick (theologian)|Henry Chadwick]] (2003) argued that when Hadrian's builders replanned the old city, they "incidentally confirm[ed] the bringing of Golgotha inside a new town wall."<ref name="Chadwick 2003">{{Cite book|last=Chadwick|first=H.|title=The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|page=21|isbn=0-19-926577-1}}</ref>

In 2007 [[Dan Bahat]], the former City Archaeologist of Jerusalem and Professor of Land of Israel Studies at [[Bar-Ilan University]], stated that "Six graves from the first century were found on the area of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. That means, this place [was] outside of the city, without any doubt…".<ref name="ZDF">Dan Bahat [https://web.archive.org/web/20071022135746/http://zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/17/0%2C1872%2C5262833%2C00.html in German television ZDF, April 11, 2007]<!--Professor Dan Bahat: "Auf dem Gelände der Grabeskirche wurden sechs Gräber aus der Jesuszeit gefunden. Sechs Gräber aus dem ersten Jahrhundert. Das bedeutet, dieser Ort hier lag außerhalb der Stadt, mit Sicherheit, und ist der mögliche Ort für das Jesusgrab"--></ref>