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Candidate
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==Candidates in elections== {{Political campaigning}} [[File:John Turmel at Toronto-Danforth 2012 By-Election Meeting.jpg|thumb|[[John Turmel]] according to the [[Guinness World Records]] holds the records for the most elections contested and for the most elections lost, having contested 112 elections and lost 111]] {{See also|Nomination rules|Age of candidacy}} In the context of elections for [[public office]] in a representational partisan democracy, a candidate who has been selected by a [[political party]] is normally said to be the nominee of that party. The party's selection (that is, the nomination) is typically accomplished either based on one or more [[Partisan primary|primary election]]s according to the rules of the party and any applicable election [[law]]s.<ref name=Definition/> Candidates are called "[[incumbent]]s" if they are already serving in the office for which they are seeking re-election, or "challengers", if they are seeking to replace an incumbent. In the context of elections for public office in a [[direct democracy]], a candidate can be nominated by any eligible person—and if parliamentary procedures are used, the nomination has to be seconded, i.e., receive agreement from a second person. ===''Spitzenkandidat''=== {{See also|Spitzenkandidat}} In [[German politics]], the person at the head of an [[electoral list]] is called the ''Spitzenkandidat'' ("lead candidate"). By convention, this means that this person (normally the [[party leader]]) will be elected to lead the government if their party wins the election. Various other countries with a parliamentary democracy have the same system. In 2014, the major groups represented in the [[European Parliament]] and the [[European Council]] agreed to apply this process to determine the next [[President of the European Commission]], as a way of the Council "taking account of the results of the European Parliament election" as required by the Union treaties. This led to the appointment and confirmation of [[Jean-Claude Juncker]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commission's Spitzenkandidat process at risk|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/spitzenkandidat-jean-claude-juncker-race-with-no-rules-eu-leaders-brace-for-clash-over-2019-elections/|access-date=14 February 2018|work=POLITICO|date=1 February 2018}}</ref> In {{Ill|German federal elections|lt=German federal elections|de|Bundestagswahl}}, parties nominate a "[[Chancellor candidate]]".
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