Editing Caning (section)

==Judicial corporal punishment==
[[File:Aceh caning 2014, VOA.jpg|thumb|170px|A caning sentence being carried out in [[Banda Aceh]], Indonesia, in 2014]]
{{Main|Judicial corporal punishment}}
{{Further|Caning in Singapore|Caning in Malaysia|Caning in Brunei|Islamic criminal law in Aceh}}
[[File:Canes.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A display of rattan judicial canes from the [[Johor Bahru Prison]] museum, Malaysia]]
[[File:Caning stand and cane at Hong Kong Correctional Services Museum.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Caning stand and cane formerly used in Hong Kong prisons under British rule|alt=A wooden stand of two triangular portions with a padded brace between them on a black pedestal. A hand points from the left, and a small wooden stick with cotton wrapped around one end is in front.]]
[[File:Bastinado visible aftereffects.JPG|thumb|170px|Visible welts typically sustained from [[Foot whipping|foot caning]]]]
Judicial caning, administered with a long, heavy [[rattan]] and much more severe than the canings given in schools, was/is a feature of some [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] judicial systems, though the cane was never used judicially in Britain itself (the specified implements there, until abolition in 1948, being the [[Birching|birch]] and the [[cat-o'-nine-tails]]). In some countries caning is still in use in the post-independence era, particularly in [[Southeast Asia]] (where it is now being used far more than it was under British rule), and in some [[Africa]]n countries.

The practice is retained, for male offenders only, under the criminal law in [[Caning in Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[Caning in Singapore|Singapore]] and [[Caning in Brunei|Brunei]].<ref>[https://www.corpun.com/singfeat.htm Judicial caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307214353/http://corpun.com/singfeat.htm |date=7 March 2018 }} at World Corporal Punishment Research.</ref> (In Malaysia there is also a separate system of religious courts for Muslims only, which can order a much milder form of caning for women as well as men.) Caning in [[Indonesia]] is a recent introduction, in the special case of [[Aceh]], on Sumatra, which since its 2005 autonomy has introduced [[Islamic criminal law in Aceh|a form of sharia law]] for Muslims, as well as non-Muslims since 2014 if they choose to do it with the Acehnese Qanun (male or female), applying the cane to the clothed upper back of the offender.<ref>Afrida, Nani. [https://www.corpun.com/idj00506.htm#16043 "Public canings to start in Aceh for gamblers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102191026/http://corpun.com/idj00506.htm#16043 |date=2 January 2010 }}, ''The Jakarta Post'', 23 June 2005.</ref>

African countries still using judicial caning include [[Botswana]], [[Tanzania]], [[Nigeria]] (mostly in northern states,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/world/africa/nigeria-uses-law-and-whip-to-sanitize-gays.html |title= Nigeria Tries to 'Sanitize' Itself of Gays |newspaper= The New York Times |date= 8 February 2014 |author= Nossiter, Adam |access-date= 26 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170417105841/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/world/africa/nigeria-uses-law-and-whip-to-sanitize-gays.html |archive-date= 17 April 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref> but few cases have been reported in southern states<ref>Article 18 of the Criminal Code ACt 1916; Article 386(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 1945.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.corpun.com/rules2.htm#ngj |title= Nigeria: Judicial CP |publisher= World Corporal Punishment Research |date= November 2014 |access-date= 23 December 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141223134424/http://www.corpun.com/rules2.htm#ngj |archive-date= 23 December 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Man, 25, gets 12 strokes for stealing |url= https://www.corpun.com/ngj00807.htm#20445 |newspaper= The Tide |location= Port Harcourt |date= 31 July 2008 |access-date= 23 December 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141223181401/http://www.corpun.com/ngj00807.htm#20445 |archive-date= 23 December 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.corpun.com/11archive/ngj01108.htm#23417 |title= Court orders that undergraduate be flogged for theft |author= Anofochi, Valerie |newspaper= The Daily Times |location= Lagos |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141223181413/http://www.corpun.com/11archive/ngj01108.htm#23417 |archive-date= 23 December 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref>) and, for juvenile offenders only, [[Eswatini]] and [[Zimbabwe]]. Other countries that used it until the late 20th century, generally only for male offenders, included [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] and [[South Africa]], while some [[Caribbean]] countries such as [[Trinidad and Tobago]] use [[birching]], another punishment in the British tradition, involving the use of a bundle of branches, not a single cane.

In Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei, healthy males under 50 years of age can be sentenced to a maximum of 24 strokes of the ''rotan'' ([[rattan]]) cane on the bare buttocks; the punishment is mandatory for many offences, mostly violent or drug crimes, but also immigration violations, sexual offences and (in Singapore) acts of [[vandalism]]. It is also imposed for certain breaches of [[prison]] rules. In [[Aceh]], caning can be imposed for adultery.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bachelard |first=Michael |date=7 May 2014 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/aceh-woman-gangraped-by-vigilantes-for-alleged-adultery-now-to-be-flogged-20140507-zr5x3.html |title=Aceh woman, gang-raped by vigilantes for alleged adultery, now to be flogged |newspaper=The Age |location=Melbourne |access-date=7 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508021350/http://www.theage.com.au/world/aceh-woman-gangraped-by-vigilantes-for-alleged-adultery-now-to-be-flogged-20140507-zr5x3.html |archive-date=8 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The punishment is applied to locals alike.

Two examples of the caning of foreigners which received worldwide media scrutiny are the canings in Singapore in 1994 of [[Michael P. Fay]], an American student who had vandalised several automobiles, and in the [[United Arab Emirates]] in 1996 of [[Sarah Balabagan]], a [[Filipina]] maid convicted of [[homicide]].

Caning is also used in the [[Singapore Armed Forces]] to punish serious offences against military discipline, especially in the case of recalcitrant young conscripts. Unlike judicial caning, this punishment is delivered to the soldier's clothed buttocks. See [[Caning in Singapore#Military caning|Military caning in Singapore]].

A more moderate variation, where the caning is aimed at the soles of a culprit's bare feet is used as prison punishment in several countries of the world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rejali|first=Darius|year=2009|title=Torture and Democracy|isbn=978-0691143330|page=275|publisher=Princeton University Press }}</ref>