Editing Capri (section)

==History==
{{main|History of Capri}}

===Antiquity===
[[File:Капри Руины Виллы Юпитера.jpg|thumb|The ruins of [[Villa Jovis]], completed by Emperor [[Tiberius]] in AD 27]]
Archaeological evidence indicates human presence on Capri dating back to the [[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]]. The Roman historian [[Suetonius]] recounts that when workers excavated the foundations for Emperor [[Augustus]]'s villa, they discovered giant bones and stone weapons, which Augustus displayed in his residence, the [[Palazzo a Mare]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Suetonius |title=The Lives of the Twelve Caesars. Augustus |chapter=72 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Lives_of_the_Twelve_Caesars/Augustus#72 |access-date=19 February 2021|author1-link=Suetonius }}</ref> (Modern analysis suggests these may have been fossils of large extinct mammals).<ref>See discussion in, e.g., A. Mayor, *The First Fossil Hunters* (2000).</ref>

The Roman poet [[Virgil]], in the ''[[Aeneid]]'', referred to the island being inhabited by Greek settlers from the [[Ionian Islands]] (the Teleboi). The geographer [[Strabo]] noted that Capri anciently had two towns, later reduced to one.<ref>Strabo, ''Geography'', 5.4.9</ref>

Emperor Augustus developed Capri as a private resort, building villas, temples, and aqueducts, and planting gardens.<ref name="Fiori">{{cite news|last=Fiori|first=Pamela|title=Italy's Pleasure Island Capri|publisher=Town & Country}}</ref> His successor, [[Tiberius]], constructed twelve villas on the island according to [[Tacitus]]. The most famous, [[Villa Jovis]], is one of the best-preserved Roman villas in Italy. In AD 27, Tiberius moved permanently to Capri, governing the [[Roman Empire]] from the island until his death in AD 37.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Later, in AD 182, Emperor [[Commodus]] exiled his sister [[Lucilla]] to Capri, where she was subsequently executed.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Middle Ages and Modern Era===
[[File:Capri BW 2013-05-14 16-04-44 DxO.jpg|thumb|left|[[Certosa di San Giacomo]], a Carthusian monastery founded in 1363]]
After the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]], Capri came under the control of the [[Duchy of Naples]]. The island suffered raids by [[piracy|pirates]] and [[Saracen]]s. In 866, Emperor [[Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis II]] granted the island to the [[Republic of Amalfi|Duchy of Amalfi]]. In 987, Pope [[Pope John XV|John XV]] established the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Capri|Diocese of Capri]], initially as a [[suffragan]] to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni|Archdiocese of Amalfi]].<ref>Konrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'', [http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00002716&mediaType=application/pdf vol. 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709140633/http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00002716&mediaType=application%2Fpdf |date=2019-07-09 }}, p. 164 & subsequent volumes.</ref> Capri remained a diocese until 1818, when it was absorbed into the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sorrento-Castellammare di Stabia|Archdiocese of Sorrento]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_as_XHufGgeYC Bolla ''De utiliori''], in ''Bullarii romani continuatio'', Tomo XV, Romae 1853, pp. 56–61</ref> It is now listed as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 858</ref>

In 1496, King [[Frederick IV of Naples]] established administrative parity between the settlements of Capri and Anacapri. Pirate raids intensified during the 16th century; admirals [[Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)|Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha]] and [[Turgut Reis]] captured the island for the Ottoman Empire in 1535 and 1553, respectively.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The French antiquarian [[Jean-Jacques Bouchard]] visited in the 17th century and is considered one of the first modern tourists; his diary provides valuable insights.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===19th Century to Present===
[[File:Villa Behring on Capri.jpg|thumb|Villa Behring, where [[Maxim Gorky]] lived from 1909–1911.]]
During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], French troops occupied Capri in January 1806 but were ousted by the British in May. Britain established a naval base (a "Second [[Gibraltar]]") but caused damage to archaeological sites during construction. The French recaptured the island in 1808 and held it until 1815, when it was returned to the [[Kingdom of Naples|Bourbon Kingdom of Naples]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

In the 19th century, naturalist [[Ignazio Cerio]] catalogued the island's flora and fauna. His work was continued by his son, [[Edwin Cerio]], an author and engineer known for his writings on Capri life.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

From the later 19th century, Capri became an increasingly popular resort for European artists, writers, and expatriates. It gained a reputation as a tolerant haven, attracting wealthy gay men and lesbians seeking a more open life than elsewhere in Europe.<ref>See, e.g., Gregory Woods, *Homintern* (2016)</ref> Notable figures who lived or spent significant time on the island include [[John Ellingham Brooks]], [[W. Somerset Maugham|Somerset Maugham]],<ref>Selina Shirley Hastings: ''The Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham: A Biography''，Random House Pub ，2009</ref> [[Norman Douglas]], [[Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen]], [[Christian Wilhelm Allers]], [[Emil von Behring]], [[Axel Munthe]], [[Louis Coatalen]], [[Maxim Gorky]], [[Oscar Wilde]] (briefly),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frankel |first1=Nicholas |title=Oscar Wilde: the unrepentant years |date=2017 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0674737945 |page=166 }}</ref> [[Compton Mackenzie]], [[Romaine Brooks]], Dame [[Gracie Fields]], and [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] (hosted by Gorky in 1908{{cn span|text=, establishing a Party School|date=April 2025}}).<ref>A monument to Lenin by [[Giacomo Manzù]] was erected in 1970.</ref> Queen [[Victoria of Baden]] was a frequent visitor. German industrialist [[Friedrich Alfred Krupp]] funded archaeological work but left after a scandal involving accusations of homosexual orgies.<ref name="giovannidallorto.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.giovannidallorto.com/krupp/krupp.html#grotta |title=Storia gay – Friedrich Alfred Krupp (1854–1902), l'omosessualità e lo scandalo di Capri |website=www.giovannidallorto.com }}</ref>

Today, Capri remains a major tourist destination, particularly popular during the summer months, attracting visitors from Italy and abroad.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swallow|first=Nicky|title=Amalfi Coast with Naples, Capri & Pompeii|year=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc|location=Hoboken|pages=265}}</ref>