Editing Caprinae (section)

==Evolution==
[[File:Palaeoreas lindermayeri.JPG|thumb|200px|right|''Palaeoreas lindermayeri'' fossil]]
The goat-antelope, or caprid, group is known from as early as the [[Miocene]], when members of the group resembled the modern [[serow]] in their general body form.<ref name=EoM>{{cite book |editor= Macdonald, D. |last=Geist |first=Valerius |year=1984 |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |publisher= Facts on File |location= New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/584 584–587]|isbn= 0-87196-871-1 |url-access= registration |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/584 }}</ref> The group did not reach its greatest diversity until the recent [[ice age]]s, when many of its members became specialised for marginal, often extreme, environments: mountains, deserts, and the [[subarctic]] region.

The ancestors of the modern sheep and goats (both rather vague and ill-defined terms) are thought to have moved into mountainous regions – sheep becoming specialised occupants of the foothills and nearby plains, and relying on flight and [[flocking]] for defence against predators, and goats adapting to very steep terrain where predators are at a disadvantage.

Internal relationships of Caprinae based on [[mitochondrial DNA]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bover |first1=Pere |last2=Llamas |first2=Bastien |last3=Mitchell |first3=Kieren J. |last4=Thomson |first4=Vicki A. |last5=Alcover |first5=Josep A. |last6=Lalueza-Fox |first6=Carles |last7=Cooper |first7=Alan |last8=Pons |first8=Joan |display-authors=6 |date=July 2019 |title=Unraveling the phylogenetic relationships of the extinct bovid ''Myotragus balearicus'' {{small|(Bate 1909)}} from the Balearic Islands |journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |lang=en |volume=215 |pages=185–195 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.005 |s2cid=189965070  |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118306929 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

{{clade
|label1= [[Bovidae]] 
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |label1=     
      |1= ''[[Bos]]''
      }}
   |label2= '''Caprinae''' 
   |2={{clade
      |label1= 
      |1={{clade
         |label1=     
         |1=''[[Pantholops]]'' (Tibetan antelope)
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |label1= 
         |1={{clade
            |label1= 
            |1={{clade
               |label1= 
               |1={{extinct}}''[[Bootherium]]'' (helmeted muskox)
               |2=''[[Ovibos]]'' (musk ox)
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |label1= 
               |1=''[[Capricornis]]'' (serow)
               |2=''[[Naemorhedus]]'' (goral)
               }}
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |label1= 
            |1={{clade
               |label1=         
               |1=''[[Ovis]]'' (sheep)
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |label1= 
               |1={{clade
                  |label1= 
                  |1={{clade
                     |label1= 
                     |1={{clade
                        |label1=  
                        |1=''[[Oreamnos]]'' (mountain goat)
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |label1=
                        |1={{clade
                           |label1=
                           |1=''[[Budorcas]]'' (takin)
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1={{clade
                              |1={{extinct}}''[[Myotragus]]'' (Balearic Islands goat)
                              }}
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |label1= 
                     |1={{clade
                        |label1=  
                        |1=''[[Rupicapra]]'' (chamois)
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |label1= 
                  |1={{clade
                     |label1= 
                     |1={{clade
                        |label1= 
                        |1=''[[Ammotragus]]'' (Barbary sheep)
                        |2=''[[Arabitragus]]'' (Arabian tahr)
                        }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                    |label1= 
                    |1={{clade
                        |label1= 
                        |1=''[[Pseudois]]'' (bharal)
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |label1= 
                        |1=''[[Hemitragus]]'' (Himalayan tahr)
                        |2=''[[Capra (genus)|Capra]]'' (turs, markhor, ibexes, & goats)
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}