Editing Card manipulation (section)

==Technique==
Illusions performed with playing cards are constructed using basic card manipulation techniques (or [[Sleight of hand|sleights]]). It is the intention of the performer that such sleights are performed in a manner which is undetectable to the audience—however, that result takes practice and a thorough understanding of method.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|p=xxi}} Manipulation techniques include:

===Lifts===
Lifts are techniques which extract one or more cards from a deck.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=3-11}} The produced card(s) are normally known to the audience, for example having previously been selected or identified as part of the illusion. In sleight of hand, a "[[double lift]]" can be made to extract two cards from the deck, but held together to appear as one card.

===False deals===
Dealing cards (for example at the start of a traditional card game) is considered a fair means of distributing cards. False deals are techniques which appear to deliver cards fairly, when actually the cards delivered are predetermined or known to the performer. False dealing techniques include: [[second dealing]], [[bottom dealing]], Greek dealing (a variation of the bottom deal), center dealing (rarely used), and double dealing (the top and bottom cards of a small packet are dealt together).{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=12-30}}

=== Side steal === 

A technique invented by magician [[F.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Conradi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.conjuringcredits.com/doku.php?id=cards:side_steal&s%5B%5D=side&s%5B%5D=steal|title=Cards {{!}} Side Steal (Conjuring Credits)|website=www.conjuringcredits.com|access-date=2020-03-20}}</ref> It is used to control a predetermined card to the top of a deck (most of the time) by utilizing the classic palm. There is also the diagonal palm shift, first published by [[S. W. Erdnase]]. Like the side steal, the diagonal palm shift utilizes the classic palm, but it is intended to control cards to the bottom of the deck, but it is commonly used to "teleport" a card to your pocket. 

===Passes===
The effect of the card pass is that an identified card is inserted somewhere into a deck. However, following rapid and concealed manipulation by the performer, it is secretly moved or displaced - usually to the top (or bottom) of the deck. A pass is achieved by swapping the portion of the deck from the identified card downwards, with the portion of the deck above the identified card (cutting the deck secretly to control a certain card). Pass techniques include: the classic pass, the Zingone Perfect Table pass, the flesh grip pass, the jog pass, the Braue pass, the Charlier pass, the finger palm pass{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=37-48}}, the bluff pass and the [[Herrmann pass]]. Simply, a card pass is a secret cut of the deck (not to be confused with a coin pass which is a false transfer of a coin from one hand to the other).

===Palming===
[[Palming]] is a technique for holding or concealing one or more cards in the palm of the hand. Cards palmed from a deck are typically held in reserve (unseen by the audience) until production is required for the illusion being performed. Palming techniques include: the Braue diagonal tip-up, the swing, the thumb-count, face card palm, the crosswise, new vertical, the gamblers' squaring, the gamblers' flat, the Hugard top palm, the flip-over, the Hofzinser bottom, the Braue bottom, the [[Tenkai palm]], the lateral palm, and the Zingone bottom.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=49-64}}

===False shuffles===
[[Shuffling]] cards is considered a fair means to randomize the cards contained in a deck. False shuffles are techniques which appear to fairly shuffle a deck, when actually the cards in the deck are maintained in an order appropriate to the illusion being performed. False shuffles can be performed that permit one or more cards to be positioned in a deck, or even for the entire deck to remain in an unshuffled state (for example the state the deck was in before the shuffle). False shuffle techniques include: the perfect riffle (also known as the [[faro shuffle]]), the strip-out, the Hindu shuffle, the gamblers', the [[Zarrow shuffle]], the push through riffle shuffle, and various stock shuffling techniques (where the locations of one or more cards are controlled during the false shuffle).{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=65-76}} 

===False cuts===
[[Cut (cards)|Cutting]] a deck of cards is a technique whereby the deck is split into two portions (the split point being randomly determined – often by a member of the audience), which are then swapped – the effect being to make sure that no one is sure of which card is on the top of the deck. False cuts are techniques whereby the performer appears to organize a fair cut, when actually a predetermined card (or cards) is organized to be located on the top of the deck. False cutting techniques include: the false running cut, and the gambler's false cut.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=77-80}}

===Color change===
A color change is the effect of changing one card to another in front of the spectator's eyes. Usually the cards changed are of different colors, or a face card into a number card, in order to make the change more apparent. There are many different techniques to accomplish this effect, but among the most common are the classic color change and the snap change{{clarify|date=January 2022}}, as they are easier to master than others. Professional magicians usually perform other color changes such as the Cardini or [[S. W. Erdnase|Erdnase]] change{{clarify|date=January 2022}}. Occasionally passes are used for color changes as well, mainly the classic pass. 

===Crimps===
[[Crimp (gambling)|Crimps]] are techniques whereby part of a card is intentionally physically marked, creased, or bent to facilitate identification during an illusion. Crimp techniques include: the regular crimp, the gamblers' crimp, the breather crimp and the peek crimp.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=90-92}}

===Jogs===
A jog is one or more cards which protrude slightly from somewhere within a deck or stack of cards. The protrusion, although not noticeable to the audience, permits the performer to retain knowledge about the location of the card during other manipulations, like the [[overhand shuffle]]. While jogs are not always hidden from the audience, they are most often. Some varieties include "in jogs", "side jogs", and "out jogs".{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|p=xxiii}} 

===Reverses===
Card reverses are techniques whereby one or more cards in a deck are made to change their orientation, for example from face up to face down.{{sfn|Hugard|Braue|1974|pp=107-112}} One common reverse is the half pass, which can reverse one or many cards hidden by the top of the deck. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Aaron |date=2016-06-02 |title=Half Pass Techniques - New Gravity Half Pass Training Tips |url=https://www.aaronfishermagic.com/half-pass-card-techniques/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Aaron Fisher Magic |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Forces===
Card forces are the sleight which involves forcing a spectator to choose a card that has been predetermined by the performer, while maintaining supposed free choice. Some forces include; the classic force, the riffle force, the dribble force, the slip force, and various forces incorporating card switches.

=== Switches ===
Card switches are used to switch out one or many cards. Switches are commonly used in teleporting card tricks. Switches include [[Double lift|double lifts]], the top change, and various forms of card mucking. 

=== False counts ===
False counts are often used in magic tricks with a small amount of cards, most commonly 4 cards. False counts let you count a packet of cards while hiding cards, pretending there are more cards, or pretending there are less cards. The best known use of a false count is in [[Dai Vernon|Dai Vernon's]] twisting the aces, which uses [[Alex Elmsley|Alex Elmsley's]] Elmsley count<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twisting the Aces Card Trick - FalseShuffle |url=https://www.falseshuffle.com/card-tricks/twisting-the-aces |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.falseshuffle.com}}</ref>, also known as the ghost count<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elmsley Count - Magicpedia |url=https://www.geniimagazine.com/magicpedia/Elmsley_Count |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.geniimagazine.com}}</ref>. Another common false count is the Jordan count, which is very similar to the Elmsley count.