Editing Cardiac stress test (section)

== Cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing ==
[[File:Ergospirometry laboratory.jpg|thumb|300px|Cardiopulmonary exercise test using a [[treadmill]].]]

While also measuring breathing gases (e.g., [[Oxygen saturation (medicine)|oxygen saturation]], maximal oxygen consumption), the test is often referred to as a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Common indications for a cardiopulmonary exercise test include evaluation of shortness of breath, workup before [[heart transplantation]], and prognosis and risk assessment of heart failure patients.

The test is also common in sport science for measuring athletes' maximal oxygen consumption, [[VO2 max|V̇O<sub>2</sub> max]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wasserman |first1=K |last2=Hansen |first2=JE |last3=Sue |first3=DY |last4=Stringer |first4=WW |last5=Whipp |first5=BJ |title=Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications |edition=4th |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Lippincott Williams and Wilkins |date=2004}}</ref> In 2016, the [[American Heart Association]] published an official scientific statement advocating that [[cardiorespiratory fitness]], quantifiable as [[VO2 max|V̇O<sub>2</sub> max]] and measured during a cardiopulmonary exercise test, be categorized as a clinical vital sign and should be routinely assessed as part of clinical practice.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=Robert |last2=Blair |first2=Steven N. |last3=Arena |first3=Ross |last4=Church |first4=Timothy S. |last5=Després |first5=Jean-Pierre |last6=Franklin |first6=Barry A. |last7=Haskell |first7=William L. |last8=Kaminsky |first8=Leonard A. |last9=Levine |first9=Benjamin D. |last10=Lavie |first10=Carl J. |last11=Myers |first11=Jonathan |last12=Niebauer |first12=Josef |last13=Sallis |first13=Robert |last14=Sawada |first14=Susumu S. |last15=Sui |first15=Xuemei |date=2016-12-13 |title=Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association |journal=Circulation |language=en |volume=134 |issue=24 |pages=e653–e699 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461 |pmid=27881567 |s2cid=3372949 |issn=0009-7322|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The CPX test can be done on a [[treadmill]] or [[cycle ergometer]]. In untrained subjects, V̇O<sub>2</sub> max is 10% to 20% lower when using a cycle ergometer compared with a treadmill.<ref name=Kaminsky2017>{{Cite journal |last1=Kaminsky |first1=Leonard A. |last2=Imboden |first2=Mary T. |last3=Arena |first3=Ross |last4=Myers |first4=Jonathan |date=2017 |title=Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Using Cycle Ergometry: Data From the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND) Registry |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025619616306243 |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |language=en |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=228–233 |doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.003|pmid=27938891 |s2cid=3465353 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>