Editing Cardiff University (section)

===University college===
[[File:Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare NPG.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare|Lord Aberdare]] was instrumental in the university's founding.]]

The foundation of the university college in [[Cardiff]] that was to become Cardiff University was part of the Welsh university movement of the second half of the 19th century, which also led to the foundation of the colleges at Aberystwyth and Bangor (now [[Aberystwyth University|Aberystwyth]] and [[Bangor University|Bangor]] universities) and the federal [[University of Wales]]. The movement began at a meeting in London in 1854 called by [[Hugh Owen (educator)|Hugh Owen]], including leaders of Welsh theological colleges and members of parliament. This meeting discussed establishing university colleges in Wales along the same lines as the [[Queens University of Ireland|Queen's Colleges]] established the previous decade in [[Ireland]], and produced a formal proposal, the "Outline of Constitution for Proposed Welsh Queen's Colleges".<ref>{{cite book|pages=67, 69–70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67|title=The University of Wales and Its Constituent Colleges|author1=William Cadwaladr Davies|author2=William Lewis Jones|publisher=F. E. Robinson & Company|date=1905|access-date=2 December 2023|archive-date=2 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202220230/https://books.google.com/books?id=vJw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref>

Discussions on the founding of a university college in [[South Wales]] were revived in 1879, when a group of Welsh and English [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MPs]] urged the government to consider the poor provision of higher and intermediate [[education in Wales]] and "the best means of assisting any local effort which may be made for supplying such deficiency."<ref>{{Cite hansard |house=House of Commons |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1879/jul/18/education-wales-resolution#S3V0247P0_18790718_HOC_65 |title=Education (Wales Resolution) |date=18 July 1879 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003233005/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1879/jul/18/education-wales-resolution#S3V0247P0_18790718_HOC_65 |date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>

In August 1880, [[William Ewart Gladstone]]'s government appointed a departmental committee to conduct "an enquiry into the nature and extent of intermediate and higher education in Wales", chaired by [[Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare|the 1st Baron Aberdare]] and consisting of [[Frederick Campbell, 3rd Earl Cawdor|Viscount Emlyn]], the Reverend Prebendary H. G. Robinson, [[Henry Richard]], [[John Rhys]] and [[Lewis Morris (1833–1907)|Lewis Morris]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=W. G. |title=The Aberdare Report and education in Wales, 1881 |journal=[[Welsh History Review]] |date=1982–1983 |volume=11 |issue=1–4 |pages=150–152 |url=http://welshjournals.llgc.org.uk/browse/viewpage/llgc-id:1073091/llgc-id:1078288/llgc-id:1078450/getText |access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref> The [[Aberdare Report]], as it came to be known, took evidence from a wide range of sources and over 250 witnesses and recommended a college each for North Wales and South Wales, the latter to be located in [[Glamorgan]] and the former to be the established University College of Wales in Aberystwyth (now [[Aberystwyth University]]). The committee cited the unique Welsh national identity and noted that many students in Wales could not afford to travel to University in England or Scotland. It advocated a national degree-awarding university for Wales, composed of regional colleges, which should be non-sectarian in nature and exclude the teaching of theology.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=W. G. |title=The Aberdare Report and education in Wales, 1881 |journal=Welsh History Review |date=1982–1983 |volume=11 |issue=1–4 |pages=153–155 |url=http://welshjournals.llgc.org.uk/browse/viewpage/llgc-id:1073091/llgc-id:1078288/llgc-id:1078450/getText |access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="A HANDBOOK ON WELSH CHURCH DEFENCE">{{Cite book|title=A HANDBOOK ON WELSH CHURCH DEFENCE|author=THE BISHOP OF ST. ASAPH |date=April 1894 |publisher=DENBIGH: PRINTED BY C. COTTON AND CO., VALE STREET |url=http://anglicanhistory.org/wales/edwards_defence1894/|archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193411/http://anglicanhistory.org/wales/edwards_defence1894/ |url-status=live }} Transcribed by the Right Reverend Dr. Terry Brown, Bishop of Malaita, Church of the Province of Melanesia, 2008.</ref>

[[File:Statue of John Viriamu Jones.jpg|thumbnail|right|John Viriamu Jones was the founding principal of the college.]]
After the recommendation was published, [[Cardiff Council|Cardiff Corporation]] sought to secure the location of the college in Cardiff, and on 12 December 1881 formed a University College Committee to aid the matter.<ref name="Cardiff Council Minutes">{{Cite book |last1=Matthews |first1=John Hobson |title='Cardiff Council Minutes: 1881-3', Cardiff Records: volume 5 |date=1905 |pages=62–84 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48187 |access-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710034203/http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48187 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> There was competition to be the site between [[Swansea]] and Cardiff. On 12 March 1883, after arbitration, a decision was made in Cardiff's favour.<ref name="Cardiff Council Minutes"/> This was strengthened by the need to consider the interests of [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]], at that time not legally incorporated into Wales, and the greater sum received by Cardiff in support of the college, through a public appeal that raised £37,000 and a number of private donations, notably from [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|the 3rd Marquess of Bute]] and [[Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth|Lord Windsor]].<ref>{{Cite hansard |house=House of Commons |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1884/jun/09/instruction-to-the-committee#S3V0288P0_18840609_HOC_11 |title=Cardiff Corporation Bill |date=9 June 1884 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003233005/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1884/jun/09/instruction-to-the-committee#S3V0288P0_18840609_HOC_11 |date=3 October 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Studies in higher education in Ireland and Wales, with suggestions for universities and colleges in the United States">{{Cite book |last1=MACLEAN |first1=GEORGE EDWIN |title=Studies in higher education in Ireland and Wales, with suggestions for universities and colleges in the United States |date=1917 |publisher=GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE |location=Washington DC |page=71 |url=https://archive.org/stream/studiesinhighere00macl/studiesinhighere00macl_djvu.txt |access-date=19 September 2014}}</ref> In April, Lord Aberdare was appointed as the college's first president.<ref name="Cardiff Council Minutes"/> The possible locations considered included [[Cardiff Arms Park]], Cathedral Road, and Moira Terrace, [[Roath]], before the site of the Old Royal Infirmary buildings on Newport Road was chosen.<ref name="Cardiff Council Minutes"/>

The University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire opened on 24 October 1883 with courses in biology, chemistry, English, French, German, Greek, history, Latin, mathematics and astronomy, music, Welsh, logic and philosophy, and physics. It was incorporated by [[royal charter]] the following year; this was the first charter in Wales to allow the enrolment of women and to specifically forbid religious tests for entry.<ref name="Studies in higher education in Ireland and Wales, with suggestions for universities and colleges in the United States"/> [[John Viriamu Jones]] was appointed as the college's first principal at the age of 27. As the college was not an independent university and could not award its own degrees, it prepared its students for the examinations of the [[University of London]] or for further study at [[Oxford University|Oxford]] or [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Lists |url=http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/our-collections/historic-collections/archives-manuscripts/university-of-london-student-records-1836-1931/ |publisher=Senate House Library |access-date=27 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914105055/http://www.shl.lon.ac.uk/specialcollections/archives/studentrecords.shtml |archive-date=14 September 2010 |df=dmy}}</ref>

In 1888 the university college at Cardiff and the University College of North Wales (now [[Bangor University]]) proposed to the University College Wales at Aberystwyth joint action to gain a university charter for Wales, modelled on that of the [[Victoria University (United Kingdom)|Victoria University]], a federal university in northern England with colleges in Manchester, Leeds and Liverpool. This led to a charter being granted to the [[University of Wales]] in 1893, with the colleges becoming members of the new university. The position of operational head would rotate among heads of the colleges.<ref name="Studies in higher education in Ireland and Wales, with suggestions for universities and colleges in the United States"/>

In 1885, [[Aberdare Hall]] opened as the first hall of residence, allowing women access to the college. This moved to its current site in 1895, but remains a single-sex hall. In 1904 the college appointed the first female associate professor in the UK, [[Millicent Mackenzie]], who in 1910 became the first female full professor at a fully chartered UK university.

In 1901, John Viriamu Jones persuaded Cardiff Corporation to give the college a five-acre site in [[Cathays Park]] (instead of selling it as they would have done otherwise).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Poulton |first1=Edward |title=John Viriamu Jones and other Oxford Memories |url=https://archive.org/details/johnviriamujone00poulgoog |date=1911 |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/johnviriamujone00poulgoog/page/n180 156] }}</ref> Soon after, in 1905, work on a new building commenced under the architect [[W. D. Caröe]]. Money ran short for the project, however, and although the side-wings were completed in the 1960s the planned 
great hall was never built. Caroe sought to combine the charm and elegance of his ''alma mater'' ([[Trinity College, Cambridge]]) with the picturesque balance of many [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] colleges. On 14 October 1909 the "New College" building in Cathays Park (now Main Building) and the "Drapers' Library" (now the Science Library) was opened in a ceremony involving a procession from the "Old College" in Newport Road.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Opening of the New College |work=Cap and Gown |issue=7 |publisher=University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire |date=14 October 1909}}</ref>

In 1931, the medical school, founded as part of the college in 1893 along with the departments of anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology, was split off to form the Welsh National School of Medicine, renamed the [[University of Wales College of Medicine]] in 1984.

The University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire was renamed University College, Cardiff in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hefcw.ac.uk/about_he_in_wales/higher_education_institutions/cardiff_university.aspx |title=Cardiff University |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727105306/http://www.hefcw.ac.uk/about_he_in_wales/higher_education_institutions/cardiff_university.aspx |archivedate=27 July 2013 |publisher=Higher Education Funding Council for Wales }}</ref>