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Carnatic region
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==Geography== The region that was named Carnatic or Karnatak (Kannada, Karnata, Karnatakadesa) by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] lies between the [[Eastern Ghats]] and the [[Coromandel Coast]] in the [[Madras Presidency|presidency of Madras]].<ref name=EB1911/> The name is applicable only to the country of the Kanarese extending between the Eastern and [[Western Ghats]], over an irregular area narrowing northwards, from Palghat in the south to Bidar in the north including Mysore. The extension of the name to the country south of the Karnata was probably due to the Mahommedan conquerors who in the 16th century overthrew the kingdom of Vijayanagara and extended the name which they used for the country north of the Ghats to that south of them. After this period the plain country of the south came to be called Karnata Payanghat, or "lowlands", as distinguished from Karnata Balaghat, or "highlands." The misapplication of the name Carnatic was carried by the British a step further. Officially, however, this name is no longer applied, "the Carnatic" having become a mere geographical term. Administratively the name Carnatic (or rather Karnatak) is now applied only to the Bombay portion of the original Karnata, viz. the districts of Belgaum, Dharwar, and Bijapur, part of North Kanara, and the native states of the Southern Mahratta agency and Kolhapur.<ref name=EB1911/> ===Sub-divisions=== The region generally known to Europeans as the Carnatic, not a political or administrative division, is of great historical importance. It extended along the eastern coast about 600 kilometers in length, and between 50 and 100 kilometers in breadth. It was bounded on the north by the [[Guntur]] circar, and thence it stretched southward to [[Cape Comorin]]. It was divided into the Southern, Central, and Northern Carnatic. The region south of the river [[Coleroon]], passing the town of [[Trichinopoly]], was called the ''Southern Carnatic''. The principal towns of this division were [[Tanjore]], Trichinopoly, [[Madurai]], [[Tranquebar]], [[Negapatam]] and [[Tinnevelly]]. The ''Central Carnatic'' extended from the [[Coleroon]] river to the river [[Pennar]]; its chief towns being [[Madras]], [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[Arcot]], [[Vellore]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Pulicat]], [[Nellore]] and a few other towns. The ''Northern Carnatic'' extended from the river [[Pennar]] to the northern limit of the country, and the chief town was [[Ongole]]. The Carnatic, as above defined, comprehended within its limits the maritime provinces of Nellore, [[Chingleput]], [[South Arcot]], Tanjore, [[Madurai]] and Tinnevelly, besides the inland districts of [[North Arcot]] and Trichinopoly. The population of this region consisted chiefly of Brahmanical Hindus. Muslims were thinly scattered over the country.<ref name=EB1911/>
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