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Carnedd Llewelyn
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==Name== ''Carnedd Llywelyn'' means "Llywelyn's [[cairn]]" in [[Welsh language|Welsh]]. It is widely believed that Carnedd Llewelyn and the neighbouring Carnedd Dafydd are named after [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] and his brother [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd]], the last independent prince of Wales, respectively.<ref>{{cite book |title=Snowdonia National Park Guide |publisher=[[Her Majesty's Stationery Office|HMSO]] |year=1958 |editor=Edmund Vale}}</ref> An alternative theory is that the twin peaks are named after [[Llywelyn the Great]], an earlier prince of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]], and his son and successor, [[Dafydd ap Llywelyn]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Nuttall | first=John & Anne | title=The Mountains of England & Wales β Volume 1: Wales | edition= 2nd | year=1999 | publisher=Cicerone | location=Milnthorpe, Cumbria | isbn=1-85284-304-7}}</ref><ref name=ehr >{{cite journal |author=R. F. Walker|year=1972|title=Hubert de Burgh and Wales, 1218β1232|journal=The English Historical Review|pages=466β494|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Other sources cite a combination of the above, i.e. Llywelyn the Great and Dafydd ap Gruffudd.<ref name=candl>{{cite book | author=Carr & Lister | title=The Mountains of Snowdonia | publisher=Lockwood Press | location=London | year=1925}}</ref> The spelling of the name is also controversial. ''Carnedd Llewelyn'' is the form used by the [[Ordnance Survey]], the mapping agency for [[Great Britain]], and other sources.<ref>For example, John and Anne Nuttall, ''The Hewitts and Marilyns of Wales'', cited above; or [[Irvine Butterfield]], ''The High Mountains of Britain and Ireland'' (Diadem, 1986).</ref> In Wales the spelling ''Carnedd Llywelyn'' predominates (it is used on the website of the Snowdonia [[National parks of England and Wales|National Park]] Authority, for example<ref>[http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/Education/snowdonia-national-park/mountains-of-snowdonia Snowdonia National Park Authority: Snowdonia's Mountains] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024042110/http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/Education/snowdonia-national-park/mountains-of-snowdonia |date=October 24, 2014 }}</ref>); this is also the form preferred by most Welsh writers, among others.<ref>For example, Dewi Tomos, ''Eryri'' (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2005); Colin Marsh, ''The Mountain Walker's Guide to Wales'' (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2002); or Harvey Superwalker Waterproof Map, ''Snowdonia, the Glyderau and the Carneddau'' (Harvey Maps, 2003).</ref> Many authoritative works, from other study groups, also use the Welsh form.<ref>G. H. Howe & P. Thomas, ''Welsh Landforms & Scenery'' (Macmillan, 1963); ''Physical Names for the Map of Britain: Discussion'' (The Geographical Journal ('''102'''), 1943); or M. O. Hill, D. F. Evans & S. A. Bell, ''Long Term Effect of Excluding Sheep from Hill Pastures in North Wales'' (The Journal of Ecology ('''80'''), 1992).</ref> The Welsh personal name ''[[Llewellyn (name)|Llywelyn]]'', from which the mountain's name is derived, is always spelt thus in the [[Welsh language]], although the forms ''Llewelyn'' and ''Llewellyn'' are found in older English-language sources.
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