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==Initiatives== [[File:Park and Ride United States.jpg|thumb|upright|Typical [[Park and ride|park-and-ride]] sign in the [[United States]], this one located at the interchange between [[Interstate 79]] and [[Pennsylvania Route 488]] in [[Portersville, Pennsylvania]] north of [[Pittsburgh]]. Such services are used to encourage carpooling.]] Many companies and local authorities have introduced programs to promote carpooling. In an effort to reduce traffic and encourage carpooling, some governments have introduced [[high-occupancy vehicle|high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes]] in which only vehicles with two or more passengers are allowed to drive. HOV lanes can create strong practical incentives for carpooling by reducing travel time and expense.<ref name=TX>Jianling Li, Patrick Embry, Stephen P. Mattingly, Kaveh Farokhi Sadabadi, Isaradatta Rasmidatta, and Mark W. Burris. [https://ceprofs.civil.tamu.edu/mburris/Papers/TRR%202021%20-%20Who%20Carpools%20and%20Why.pdf Who Chooses to Carpool and Why? Examination of Texas Carpoolers.] Transportation Research Record, 2007.</ref> In some countries, it is common to find parking spaces reserved for carpoolers. In 2011, an organization called [[Greenxc]]<ref name="GreenXC Website">{{cite web|title=GreenXC Website|url=http://www.greenxc.com|work=GreenXC About|access-date=26 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604123410/http://greenxc.com/|archive-date=4 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> created a campaign to encourage others to use this form of transportation in order to reduce their own [[carbon footprint]]. Carpooling, or car sharing as it is called in British English, is promoted by a national UK charity, Carplus, whose mission is to promote responsible car use in order to alleviate financial, environmental and social costs of motoring today, and encourage new approaches to [[Automobile dependency|car dependency]] in the UK. Carplus is supported by [[Transport for London]], the British government initiative to reduce congestion and parking pressure and contribute to relieving the burden on the environment and to the reduction of traffic-related air-pollution, in London.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motiva.fi/files/4138/WP2_Final_Report.pdf |title=Source: The state of European Car Sharing, Car Sharing development strategy of greater London, p. 96–98: white-paper by Momo (European research project on sustainable mobility patterns), June 2010 |access-date=2014-01-29 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216101136/http://www.motiva.fi/files/4138/WP2_Final_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, not all countries are helping carpooling to spread: in [[Hungary]] it is a tax crime to carry someone in a car for a cost share (or any payment) unless the driver has a taxi license and there is an invoice issued and taxes are paid. Several people were fined by undercover tax officers during a 2011 crackdown, posing as passengers looking for a ride on carpooling websites. On 19 March 2012 Endre Spaller, a member of the Hungarian Parliament interpellated [[Zoltán Cséfalvay]], Secretary of State for the National Economy, about this practice who replied that carpooling should be endorsed instead of punished, however care must be taken for some people trying to turn it into a way to gain untaxed profit.<ref name="Demokrata, 19th March 2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.demokrata.hu/tartalmak/marcius__3|date=19 March 2012 |title=Demokrata.hu |access-date=2012-04-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530035500/http://www.demokrata.hu/tartalmak/marcius__3 |archive-date=30 May 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>
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