Editing Causal Markov condition (section)

== Implications ==
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=== Dependence and Causation ===
It follows from the definition that if ''X'' and ''Y'' are in '''V''' and are probabilistically dependent, then either ''X'' causes ''Y'', ''Y'' causes ''X'', or ''X'' and ''Y'' are both effects of some common cause ''Z'' in '''V'''.<ref name=":0" />  This definition was seminally introduced by Hans Reichenbach as the Common Cause Principle (CCP) <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Direction of Time|last=Reichenbach|first=Hans|date=1956|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780486409269|location=Los Angeles}}</ref>

=== Screening ===
It once again follows from the definition that the parents of ''X'' screen ''X'' from other "indirect causes" of ''X'' (parents of Parents(''X'')) and other effects of Parents(''X'') which are not also effects of ''X''.<ref name=":0" />