Editing Cavite (section)

==History==

===Early history===
The present Cavite City was once a mooring place for [[Chinese junk]]s that came to trade with the settlements around Manila Bay. The land was formerly known as "Tangway". Archeological evidence in coastal areas shows prehistorical settlements.

===Spanish colonial period===
[[File:Cuenca Ancestral House.jpg|left|thumb|281x281px|Cuenca Ancestral house Bacoor, Cavite]]
The Spanish colonizers who arrived in the late 16th century saw the unusual tongue of land jutting out on [[Manila Bay]] and saw its deep waters as the main staging ground where they could launch their bulky galleons. It would later become the most important port linking the colony to the outside world through the [[Manila-Acapulco Galleon]] trade. In 1571, Spanish colonizers established the port and City of Cavite and fortified the settlement as a first line of defense for the city of [[Manila]]. [[Galleon]]s were built and fitted at the port and many Chinese merchants settled in the communities of Bacoor and Kawit, opposite the Spanish city to trade silks, porcelain and other oriental goods.<ref name=Fish>{{Cite book |last=Fish |first=Shirley |title=The Manila-Acapulco Galleons: The Treasure Ships of the Pacific |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2011 |isbn=9781456775421 |page=65,69,128–132,274}}</ref>

"A defensive curtained wall was constructed the length of Cavite's western side," beginning from the entrance, "La Estanzuela", and continuing to the end of the peninsula, "Punta de Rivera", with the eastern shore unprotected by a wall.  Cavite contained government offices, churches, mission buildings, Spanish homes, Fort San Felipe and the Rivera de Cavite shipyard.  Docks were in place to construct galleons and galleys, but without a dry dock, ships were repaired by [[careening]] along the beach.<ref name=Fish/>

'''Fort San Felipe''', La Fuerza de San Felipe, was built between 1609 and 1616.  This quadrilateral structure of [[curtain wall (fortification)|curtained walls]], with bastions at the corners, contained 20 cannons facing the seashore.  Three infantry companies, 180 men each, plus 220 [[Pampangan]] infantry, garrisoned the fort.<ref name=Fish/>{{rp|142–143}}

The galleons ''Espiritu Santo'' and ''San Miguel'', plus six galleys were constructed between 1606 and 1616.  From 1729 to 1739, "the main purpose of the Cavite shipyard was the construction and outfitting of the galleons for the Manila to Acapulco trade run."<ref name=Fish/>

The vibrant mix of traders, Spanish seamen from Spain and its Latin-American colonies,<ref>Galaup "Travel Accounts" page 375.</ref><ref>"Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World" By Eva Maria Mehl, page 235.</ref> as well as local residents, gave rise to the use of pidgin Spanish called [[Chabacano]]. A great number of Mexican men had settled at Cavite, spread throughout Luzon, and had integrated with the local Philippine population. Some of these Mexicans became Tulisanes (Bandits) that led peasant revolts against Spain.<ref>(Page 10) {{cite thesis |type=PhD|last=Pérez|first=Marilola |date=2015|title=Cavite Chabacano Philippine Creole Spanish: Description and Typology|quote= "The galleon activities also attracted a great number of Mexican men that arrived from the Mexican Pacific coast as ships’ crewmembers (Grant 2009: 230). Mexicans were administrators, priests and soldiers (guachinangos or hombres de pueblo) (Bernal 1964: 188) many though, integrated into the peasant society, even becoming tulisanes ‘bandits’ who in the late 18th century "infested" Cavite and led peasant revolts (Medina 2002: 66). Meanwhile, in the Spanish garrisons, Spanish was used among administrators and priests. Nonetheless, there is not enough historical information on the social role of these men. In fact some of the few references point to a quick integration into the local society: "los hombres del pueblo, los soldados y marinos, anónimos, olvidados, absorbidos en su totalidad por la población Filipina." (Bernal 1964: 188). In addition to the Manila-Acapulco galleon, a complex commercial maritime system circulated European and Asian commodities including slaves. During the 17th century, Portuguese vessels traded with the ports of Manila and Cavite, even after the prohibition of 1644 (Seijas 2008: 21). Crucially, the commercial activities included the smuggling and trade of slaves: "from the Moluccas, and Malacca, and India… with the monsoon winds" carrying "clove spice, cinnamon, and pepper and black slaves, and Kafir [slaves]" (Antonio de Morga cf Seijas 2008: 21)." Though there is no data on the numbers of slaves in Cavite, the numbers in Manila suggest a significant fraction of the population had been brought in as slaves by the Portuguese vessels. By 1621, slaves in Manila numbered 1,970 out of a population of 6,110. This influx of slaves continued until late in the 17th century; according to contemporary cargo records in 1690, 200 slaves departed from Malacca to Manila (Seijas 2008: 21). Different ethnicities were favored for different labor; Africans were brought to work on the agricultural production, and skilled slaves from India served as caulkers and carpenters. " |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xj6f1jt |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114232555/https://escholarship.org/content/qt6xj6f1jt/qt6xj6f1jt_noSplash_fd187448d1120e8904337fe47b42df2a.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> Mexicans weren't the only Latin Americans in Cavite, as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans, one such was the [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]], Alonso Ramirez, who became a sailor in Cavite, and published the first Latin American novel called "Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez"<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632422 | jstor=42632422 | title=The Philippines Glimpsed in the First Latin-American "Novel" | last1=Cummins | first1=James S. | journal=Philippine Studies | year=1978 | volume=26 | issue=1/2 | pages=91–101 }}</ref> The years: 1636, 1654, 1670, and 1672; saw the deployment of 70, 89, 225, and 211  Latin-American soldiers from [[Mexican settlement in the Philippines|Mexico at Cavite]].<ref name= "Mexicans" >https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson] AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v .</ref>

In 1614, the politico-military jurisdiction of Cavite was established. As with many other provinces organized during the Spanish colonial era, Cavite City, the name of the capital, was applied to the whole province, Cavite. The province covered all the present territory except for the town of [[Maragondon]], which used to belong to the [[Corregimiento]] of [[Mariveles, Bataan|Mariveles]]. Maragondon was ceded to Cavite in 1754 when [[Bataan]] province was created from [[Pampanga]] province.<ref>{{Cite book |last=<!-- no author --> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA119 |title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary |date=1997 |publisher=Merriam-Webster |isbn=978-0-87779-546-9 |edition=3rd |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref> Within Maragondon is a settlement established in 1660 by Christian Papuan exiles brought in by the [[Jesuits]] from [[Ternate]] in the [[Maluku Islands]], and named this land ''[[Ternate, Cavite|Ternate]]'' after their former homeland.<ref name=bh>[http://www.cavite.gov.ph/home/index.php/general-information/history/brief-history-of-cavite "Brief History of Cavite"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000431/http://www.cavite.gov.ph/home/index.php/general-information/history/brief-history-of-cavite |date=July 3, 2013 }}. Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite. Retrieved on June 25, 2013.</ref><ref name=census/>

Owing to its military importance, Cavite had been attacked by foreigners in their quest to conquer Manila and the Philippines. The [[Dutch people|Dutch]] made a surprise attack on the city in 1647, pounding the port incessantly, but were repulsed. In 1762, the British occupied the port during their [[British occupation of Manila|two-year control]] in the Philippines.<ref name=bh/>

In the 17th century, ''encomiendas'' (Spanish Royal [[land grant]]s) were given in Cavite and Maragondon to Spanish [[conquistador]]es and their families.  By the end of the 1700s, Cavite was the main port of Manila and was a province of 5,724 native families and 859 [[Spanish Filipinos|Spanish Filipino families]].<ref name="Estadismo1">[http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref>{{rp|539}}<ref name="Estadismo2">[https://ia601608.us.archive.org/10/items/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref>{{rp|31,54,113}}

The [[religious order]]s began acquiring these lands, with some donated, enlarging vast [[hacienda]]s (estates) in Cavite during the 18th and 19th centuries, enriching themselves. These haciendas became the source of bitter conflicts between the friar orders and Filipino farmers and pushed a number of Caviteños to live as outlaws. This opposition to the friar orders was an important factor that drove many Cavite residents to support reform, and later, independence.<ref name=bh/>

In 1872, Filipinos launched their revolt against Spain. Three Filipino priests—[[Gomburza|Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora]]—were implicated in the [[1872 Cavite mutiny|Cavite mutiny]] when 200 Filipinos staged a rebellion within Spanish garrisons. On August 28, 1896, when the [[Philippine Revolution|revolution]] against Spain broke out, Cavite became a bloody theater of war. Led by [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], Caviteños made lightning raids on Spanish headquarters, and soon liberated the entire province through the [[Battle of Alapan]]. Aguinaldo commanded the Revolution to its successful end – the proclamation of the [[First Republic of the Philippines]] on June 12, 1898, in Kawit.

[[File:CaviteCannonPlacard-WinnetkaPark.jpg|thumb|A marker affixed to the Cavite cannon in [[Winnetka, Illinois]], [[United States|USA]] that reads ''"This gun was mounted on the defences of Cavite arsenal which was surrendered to Commodore George Dewey"'']]
During the [[Spanish–American War]], American forces attacked the Spanish squadron in Cavite. The Spanish defeat marked the end of Spanish rule in the country.<ref name="bh" /> A captured Spanish cannon from the Cavite arsenal now sits in Village Green Park in [[Winnetka, Illinois]], [[United States| United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.winpark.org/parks/map/village-green/|title=Village Green – Winnetka Park District|work=Winnetka Park District|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Japanese occupation===
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2012}}
In May 1942, after the fall of [[Bataan]] and [[Corregidor Island]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Imperial forces]] occupied Cavite and made their presence felt in each town of the province and Cavite City itself, as well as in the young city of Tagaytay established in the 1930s.

After surviving the [[Bataan Death March]] and released from [[Capas, Tarlac]] concentration camp [[United States Army Forces in the Far East]] (USAFFE) Col. [[Mariano Castañeda]], returned to Cavite and secretly organized the guerilla forces in the province.

The Japanese authorities pressured him to accept the position as Provincial Governor of Cavite, he refused many times over until his excuses did not work, much against his will he was forced to accept the position by the Japanese, and by thinking that it would be beneficial to further organize the resistance movement as Governor by day and a guerilla commander by night. Eventually, the Japanese discovered his guerilla connection and raided his house in the attempt to capture him, but he escaped along with Col. Lamberto Javalera by swimming the Imus river up to Salinas, [[Bacoor]] and finally joined his comrades in the field in Neneng, the General Headquarters of the Fil American Cavite Guerilla Forces (FACGF) located in [[Dasmariñas]].

At this time due to his organizational skills the FACGF raised a regiment in each of the administrative units and also created attached special battalions. Overall, three special battalions, one medical battalion, one signal company, one hospital unit, and Division GHQ and Staff were raised to provide administrative and combat support. Later on, the FACGF, with a peak of 14,371 Enlisted Men and 1,245 officers, grew into a formidable force to take on the omnipresent rule of the Japanese in the province. At its peak the force contained 14 infantry regiments:

*1st Infantry Regiment, Imus (Col. Lorenzo Saulog)
*2nd Infantry Regiment, Bacoor (Col. Francisco Guererro)
*3rd Infantry Regiment, Silang (Col. Dominador Kiamson) 
*4th Infantry Regiment, Dasmariñas (Col. Estanislao Mangubat Carungcong)
*5th Infantry Regiment, Barangay Anabu, Imus (Col. Raymundo Paredes)
*6th Infantry Regiment, Cavite City (Col. Amado Soriano)
*7th Infantry Regiment, Alfonso (Col. Angeles Hernais)
*8th Infantry Regiment, Naic (Col. Emilio Arenas)
*9th Infantry Regiment, Mendez (Col. Maximo Rodrigo)  
*10th Infantry Regiment Kawit (Col. Hugo Vidal) 
*11th Infantry Regiment Imus (Col. Maximo Reyes)
*12th Infantry Regiment, Amadeo (Col. Daniel Mediran) 
*13th Infantry Regiment, Rosario (Col. Ambrosio Salud)
*14th Infantry Regiment, Brgy. Paliparan, Dasmariñas (Col. Emiliano De La Cruz)

On January 31, 1945, the liberation of the province of Cavite started with the combined forces of the American 11th Airborne Division under General Joseph Swing and Col. Harry Hildebrand and the valiant Caviteño guerilleros of the Fil-American Cavite Guerilla Forces, which liberated the province of Cavite from the Japanese occupiers, and protected at all costs the National Highway 17 (Aguinaldo Highway) from [[Tagaytay]] City to [[Las Piñas]] that serve as the vital supply route of the U.S. 11th Airborne Division, paving the way towards the road to the bitter but victorious [[Battle of Manila (1945)|Battle of Manila]].

=== Philippine independence ===
The economic growth of the country began to creep its way to the province following the end of the Second World War and the restoration of independence. Given its proximity to Manila, the province soon began to feel a transformation into an economic provider of food and industrial goods not just for Metro Manila but for the whole of the country.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} In 1954, Trece Martires was created out as a planned capital city from portions of Tanza, Indang, Naic, and General Trias. Despite the transfer of capital status to Imus in 1979, it retains many offices of the provincial government, acting thus as the de facto capital of the province. Also, Tagaytay's high location and cool temperatures would enable it to become a secondary [[summer capital]] and a vacation spot especially during the Christmas season, given its proximity to the Manila area.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

The economy of Cavite remained largely agricultural during the decades after the war, from the 1940s to the 1980s, with attempts to create industrial estates in the early 1970s largely falling flat in light of the Crony Capitalism and economic crises of the late 1970s and early 1980s.<ref name="McAndrewAghamtao"/>

====During the Marcos administration====
{{main|Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos}}
The Philippines' gradual postwar recovery took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the [[1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis]] being one of the early landmark events.<ref name=Balbosas1992>{{Cite journal |last=Balbosa |first=Joven Zamoras |date=1992 |title=IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines |journal=Journal of Philippine Development |volume=XIX |issue=35 |url=https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921141056/https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Economic analysts generally attribute this to the ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote [[Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign]],<ref name=Balbosas1992/><ref name="Balisacan&Hill2003">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet |title=The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges |last1=Balisacan |first1=A. M. |last2=Hill |first2=Hal |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195158984 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cororaton1997">{{Cite journal |last=Cororaton |first=Cesar B.  |title=Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines |journal=DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05 |pages=3, 19}}</ref> although Marcos blamed the 1968 formation of the [[Communist Party of the Philippines]] as the reason for the social unrest of the period.<ref name="Kessler1989">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/rebellionrepress0000kess |title=Rebellion and repression in the Philippines |last=Kessler |first=Richard J. |date=1989 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0300044062 |location=New Haven |oclc=19266663 |url-access=registration }}</ref> {{rp|page="43"}}<ref name="Celoza1997">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC|title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism|last=Celoza|first=Albert F.|date=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275941376|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/philippinesreade00schi |title=The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance |last=Schirmer |first=Daniel B. |date=1987 |publisher=South End Press |isbn=0896082768 |edition=1st |location=Boston |oclc=14214735 }}</ref> There were clashes between government and communist protesters in the rural areas and the western highlands of Cavite.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

Another conflict faced by the Philippines throughout the last part of the 20th century had some of its roots in Cavite - the [[Moro conflict]], which was largely sparked by outrage in the wake of exposes about the [[Jabidah Massacre]].  The exposes told the story of how a group of [[Moro people|Moro]] men were recruited by the military for Operation Merdeka, Marcos' secret plan to invade [[Sabah]] and reclaim it from Malaysia, and trained them on the island of [[Corregidor]], which is administered by Cavite province. When for various reasons the recruits decided that they no longer wanted to follow their officers' orders, their officers allegedly shot all the recruits to death, with only one survivor managing to live by feigning death. The exposes angered the Philippines' Muslim minority enough to trigger the Moro conflict, eventually leading to the creation of the [[Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (BARMM).<ref name="Smith2015">{{cite book|author=Paul J. Smith|title=Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG6sBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT5|date=March 26, 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-45886-9|pages=5–}}</ref><ref name="BetweenIntegrationandSecession">{{Cite book|title = Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar|last = Yegar|first = Moshe|publisher = Lexington Books|year = 2002|pages = 267–268}}</ref>

In 1972, one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under [[Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos|martial law]].<ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10">{{Cite book |title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. |publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited |year=1998 |editor-last=Magno |editor-first=Alexander R. |location=Hong Kong |chapter=Democracy at the Crossroads}}</ref> This allowed Marcos to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Cavite went through many social and economic ups and downs.<ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10"/>

The excesses of the Marcos family<ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10"/> prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and [[Torture methods used by the Marcos dictatorship|torture]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-63056898 | title=Philippines martial law: The fight to remember a decade of arrests and torture | work=BBC News | date=September 28, 2022 }}</ref>  Among the prominent Caviteño oppositionists were [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|Armed Forces]] Colonel [[Bonifacio Gillego]], who spoke out against human rights abuses by the military and later exposed the fact that Ferdinand Marcos had faked most of his military medals.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bantayog.foundation/gillego-bonifacio | title=GILLEGO, Bonifacio }}</ref> Another was Roman Catholic Priest Fr. [[Joe Dizon]], who led protest actions against government corruption and human rights abuses during martial law in the Philippines, political dynasties, and the pork barrel system and brought social issues to the attention of the [[Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bantayog.foundation/dizon-jose-pacturayan-fr-joe | title=DIZON, Jose Pacturayan }}</ref> Both Gillego and Dizon are honored at the Philippines' [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]], which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought authoritarian rule under Marcos.<ref name="AngMamatay">{{Cite book|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Ma. Cristina V.|last2=Malay|first2=Carolina S.|date=2015|title=Ang Mamatay Nang Dahil Sa 'Yo: Heroes and Martyrs of the Filipino People in the Struggle Against Dictatorship 1972-1986|publisher=[[National Historical Commission of the Philippines]]|publication-date=1 January 2016|volume=1|isbn=978-971-538-270-0}}</ref> Other Caviteños honored there include [[Philippine Navy]] Captain [[Danilo Vizmanos]], musician Benjie Torralba, activists Modesto "Bong" Sison, Florencio Pesquesa, and [[Artemio Celestial, Jr.]], and [[Nemesio Prudente]] who would later become president of the [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]].<ref name="AngMamatay"/>

Presidential Decree No. 1 of 1972 grouped the Provinces of the Philippines into administrative regions, and Cavite was organized into Region IV.  The Luzon mainland provinces of this region - Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon - were prioritized for industrialization, and large amounts of agricultural land in Cavite were acquired for conversion into industrial estates throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.<ref name="McAndrewAghamtao">McAndrew, J. (1990). The Incorporation of the Province of Cavite into the World Economy. Aghamtao: Journal of the Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao, Inc. (UGAT), 7.</ref> However, these government-owned or corporate-owned estates were unsuccessful at first, and many of them became unused lands well into the Philippine economic collapse of the early 1980s.<ref name="McAndrewAghamtao"/> Old Cavite residents who were primarily engaged in agriculture were displaced and left the province, replaced by a rising number of residents from the capital region.<ref name="McAndrewAghamtao"/>

Rosario was the first Cavite town to have several large industrial projects, including a refinery set up by [[FilOil Refinery Corporation]].<ref name="McAndrewAghamtao"/> An influx of new residents into the north and west parts of [[Carmona, Cavite|Carmona]] led to the separation of these portions into a new town, [[General Mariano Alvarez]], in 1981.  The migration had begun in 1968, when the Carmona Resettlement Project was established under the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) - an effort to resettle illegal settlers from around the Quezon Memorial Park area in Quezon City.  A site in Carmona was selected, and by the mid-1970s, the resettlement area soon attracted poor and middle class migrants alike from Quezon City, Manila, Makati and Parañaque. Their clamor to have a municipality of their own resulted in the creation of General Mariano Alvarez.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://genmarianoalvarez.gov.ph/historical-background/ | title=Historical Background &#124; GEN. M. ALVAREZ | date=July 23, 2020 }}</ref> Bacoor, given its proximity to Metro Manila, saw the building of the first residential villages during this time, providing accommodation the rising number of workers from the nearby capital.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

One geographical feature of Cavite, [[Mount Sungay]], was significantly altered in 1979 when [[First Spouse of the Philippines|First Lady]] [[Imelda Marcos]] ordered the construction of the Palace in the Sky, a [[mansion]] originally intended as a guesthouse for former [[California]] Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] (who never arrived). This drastically reduced the height of the mountain, which had once been a landmark that helped guide sailors into Manila bay. The mansion remained unfinished after the [[People Power Revolution]] in 1986 that toppled the [[dictatorship]] of [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. The new government renamed it the [[People's Park in the Sky]], to show the excesses of the ousted regime.<ref name=palace>Cruz, Sarah (2011-06-03). [http://www.mytagaytayhotels.com/tagaytay-hotels-attractions/palace-in-the-sky-in-tagaytay "Palace in the Sky in Tagaytay"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103195742/http://www.mytagaytayhotels.com/tagaytay-hotels-attractions/palace-in-the-sky-in-tagaytay |date=2014-01-03 }}. Tagaytay Hotels. Retrieved on 2013-10-22.</ref>

===Contemporary===
In 2002, Region IV was split into two parts: Region IV-A, known as [[Calabarzon]]; and Region IV-B, known as [[Mimaropa]].<ref name="EO103">{{cite act |title=Dividing Region IV into Region IV-A and IV-B, Transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for Other Purposes |type=Executive Order |number=103 |date=May 17, 2002 |url=http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp |access-date=April 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409201916/http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp |archive-date=April 9, 2017 }} {{Cite web |url=http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp |title=Philippine Statistics Authority &#124; Republic of the Philippines |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=April 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409201916/http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Cavite was made part of Region IV-A, which is also known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines EIA |publisher=Emb.gov.ph |url=http://emb.gov.ph/eia-adb/eiaorg.html |access-date=October 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512181942/http://emb.gov.ph/eia-adb/eiaorg.html |archive-date=May 12, 2013 }}</ref>