Editing Cell-mediated immunity (section)

==Synopsis==
Cellular immunity protects the body through:
* T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity: activating antigen-specific [[cytotoxic T cell]]s that are able to induce [[apoptosis]] in body cells displaying [[epitopes]] of foreign antigen on their surface, such as [[virus]]-infected cells, cells with [[intracellular bacteria]], and [[cancer]] cells displaying [[tumor]] antigens;
* [[Macrophage]] and [[natural killer cell]] action: enabling the destruction of pathogens via recognition and [[secretion]] of cytotoxic granules (for natural killer cells)<ref name="Eissmann">{{cite web |last1=Eissmann |first1=Philipp |title=Natural Killer Cells |url=https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/cells/natural-killer-cells |website=British Society for Immunology |access-date=8 November 2018}}</ref> and phagocytosis (for macrophages);<ref name="Saldana">{{cite web |last1=Saldana |first1=José |title=Macrophages |url=https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/cells/macrophages |website=British Society for Immunology |access-date=8 November 2018}}</ref> and
* Stimulating cells to secrete a variety of [[cytokine]]s that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.<ref name="Eissmann" /><ref name="Saldana" />

Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at [[microbes]] that survive in [[phagocytes]] and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing [[Introduction to viruses|virus-infected cells]], but also participates in defending against [[fungi]], [[protozoan]]s, [[cancer]]s, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in [[transplant rejection]].

Type 1 immunity is directed primarily at [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], and [[protozoa]] and is responsible for activating [[macrophages]], turning them into potent effector cells. This is achieved by the secretion of [[interferon gamma]] and [[TNF]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}