Editing Changeable hawk-eagle (section)

===Subspecies===
[[File:Nisaetus cirrhatus wing patterns.jpg|thumb|In flight, changeable hawk-eagles have distinctly short but broad wings with dark barring on flight feathers and a long tail.]]
'''Changeable hawk-eagle group'''
* ''N. c. cirrhatus'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1788) : The nominate subspecies is found in the [[Indian subcontinent|peninsular India]], from the [[Gangetic plain]] southwards throughout the remainder of the country.  It is monomorphic in colour with no dark morph. The nominate subspecies is relatively pale above compared to other races, with a slightly more rufous hue to the head. It tends to be less extensively streaked below down to the lower breast below compared to other races, with dark wing lings and a strongly barred tail. In the juvenile plumage, the nominate race has a strongly buffy headed and has underparts that are flecked and spotted. The crest tends to be longest in this race, with common measurements of {{convert|10|to|14|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, therefore the race is commonly referred to as the crested hawk-eagle.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Gamauf/> It is one of the two larger subspecies. [[Wing chord (biology)|Wing chord]] length ranges from {{convert|405|to|442|mm|in|abbr=on}} in males and from {{convert|448|to|462|mm|in|abbr=on}} in females. In both sexes, the tail commonly measures {{convert|280|to|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} and [[Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsus]] from {{convert|102|to|110|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/>
* ''N. c. ceylanensis'' (Gmelin, JF, 1788): This race is endemic to [[Sri Lanka]] but some authorities also include [[Travancore]] in the southern tip of India as part of this race's range.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Amadon/> This race has a proportionally longer crest on average than the nominate race, with a similar crest length to it at about {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on}}. It is monomorphic as is the nominate race, averaging paler and less streaky, but a similar appearance has been noted to birds from southernmost India are rather similar in appearance. The differences represented in this race from the nominate race are largely [[Cline (biology)|clinal]]. It is rather smaller than the nominate race. [[Wing chord (biology)|Wing chord]] length ranges from {{convert|351|to|370|mm|in|abbr=on}} in males and from {{convert|353|to|387|mm|in|abbr=on}} in females.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name="Legge">Legge, W. V. (1880). ''A History of the Birds of Ceylon''. (4 vols in 1983). Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: Tisara Publishers.</ref>  Furthermore, in both sexes tail length is from {{convert|229|to|266|mm|in|abbr=on}} and tarsus length from {{convert|89|to|97|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name= Naoroji/><ref name= Legge/><ref name="Ali">Ali, S., & Ripley, S. D. (1983). ''Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan: Together with Those of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka''. Oxford University Press.</ref>

'''Crestless changeable hawk-eagle group'''
[[File:Nisaetus cirrhatus -Jurong Bird Park, Singapore-8a.jpg|thumb|A crestless changeable hawk-eagle (''N. c. limnaeetus'') in [[Singapore]].]]
* ''N. c. limnaeetus'' ([[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1821): This race is found through the [[Himalayas|Himalayan foothills]] from [[Nepal]], northeast [[India]], via [[Burma]] to much of [[southeast Asia]] including the [[Malay Peninsula]] along [[Wallace Line]] to [[Philippines]] and the [[Sunda Islands|Greater Sunda Islands]]. This race can appear similar in size and build to the nominate race but unlike it is rather polymorphic and this is the most widely found of subspecies. This race's polymorphism is the source for the species being referred to as the changeable hawk-eagle.<ref name= Naoroji/> The pale morph of this race is still darker than the nominate race found further south in India. However, pale morphs from the Philippines tend to have a paler head and neck. Characteristically, this race is heavily streaked below, while juveniles look quite different as their head and underparts are largely white. Dark morph individuals tend to be chocolate-brown all over, although the tail base might appear lighter in flight.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Ali/> Some birds of this race do have a vestigial crest of merely {{convert|1|to|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length but many appear to completely lack the crest. This race is generally similar in size to the nominate race but is more variable in size over its large distribution within the southernmost island birds averaging smallest while those found in the Himalayan foothills are arguably the largest hawk-eagles known in the species. [[Wing chord (biology)|Wing chord]] length ranges from {{convert|380|to|430|mm|in|abbr=on}} in males and from {{convert|405|to|462|mm|in|abbr=on}} in females. In limited samples, tail length was reported as {{convert|240|to|278|mm|in|abbr=on}} and tarsus length from {{convert|100|to|103|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Baker">Baker, E.S. (1928). ''The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Vol. V. 2nd''. Edition. London.</ref> A sample of 6 females averaged {{convert|37.9|mm|in|abbr=on}} in the length of the rear hallux-claw, the main killing apparatus of most accipitrids, while 7 males averaged {{convert|32.3|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Parry">Parry, S. J. (2001). ''The booted eagles (Aves: Accipitridae): perspectives in evolutionary biology''. University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).</ref>
* ''N. c. andamanensis'' ([[Robert Christopher Tytler|Tytler]], 1865): This race is found in the [[Andaman Islands]]. The subspecies is darker than the nominate subspecies and more similar to ''N. c. limnaeetus'' in hue but does not appear to have a full dark morph as is known in that race. Andamanian juveniles tend to have a  rather white head and underpart colour. A crest may variably be present but is usually only up to {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}}. This race is small, a little smaller even than ''N. c. ceylanensis''. [[Wing chord (biology)|Wing chord]] length ranges from {{convert|330|to|375|mm|in|abbr=on}} in males and from {{convert|358|to|377|mm|in|abbr=on}} in females.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Ali/>
* ''N. c. vanheurni'' ([[George Junge|Junge]], 1936): This race is native to [[Simeulue Island]]. It is similar in appearance to ''N. c. limnaeetus'', but apparently lacks a dark morph. The subspecies is also much less heavily blotched black on its whiter looking breast and never bears a crest. It is the smallest accepted subspecies of the changeable hawk-eagle, considerably smaller than ''N. c. limnaeetus''. [[Wing chord (biology)|Wing chord]] was measured as {{convert|312|mm|in|abbr=on}} in a single male and {{convert|329|to|337|mm|in|abbr=on}} in a small sample of females.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/>